A Diagnostics Platform for the Integrated Mapping, Monitoring, and Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Rationale and Target Product Profiles

Solomon, Anthony W.; Engels, Dirk; Bailey, Robin L.; Blake, Isobel M.; Brooker, Simon; Chen, Jiaxu; Churcher, Thomas S.; Drakeley, Chris; Edwards, Tansy; Fenwick, Alan; French, Michael; Gabrielli, Albis-Francesco; Grassly, Nicholas C; Harding-Esch, Emma; Holland, Martin J.; Koukounari, Artemis; Lammie, Patrick J.; Leslie, Jacqueline; Mabey, David; Roubal, M.; Secor, W. Evan; Stothard, J. Russell; Hu, Wei; Willingham, Arve Lee; Zhou, Xiao‐Nong; Peeling, Rosanna W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001746

Cited by 90 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…5 However, this assay offers poor sensitivity, especially in lowintensity infections, is laborious, and may expose workers to infectious stool. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] To address some of the concerns with the Kato-Katz technique, considerable research has been devoted to alternative tests for S. mansoni infections. This research has led to the development of a urine-based point-of-contact test for schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) as a method for detecting infection with S. mansoni.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Analysis of Tests for the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Children in Western Kenya

Worrell

Bartoces

Karanja

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Financial resources tend to be limited in schistosomiasis endemic areas, forcing program managers to balance financial and scientific considerations when selecting detection assays. Therefore, we compared the costs of using single stool Kato-Katz, triplicate stool Kato-Katz, and point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) assays for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Economic and financial costs were estimated from the viewpoint of a schistosomiasis control program using the ingredients approach. Costs related to specimen collection, sample processing and analysis, and treatment delivery were considered. Analysis inputs and assumptions were tested using one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis. The total per-person cost of performing the single Kato-Katz, triplicate Kato-Katz, and POC-CCA was US$6.89, US$17.54, and US$7.26, respectively. Major cost drivers included labor, transportation, and supplies. In addition, we provide a costing tool to guide program managers in evaluating detection costs in specific settings, as costs may vary temporally and spatially.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Analysis of Tests for the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Children in Western Kenya

Worrell

Bartoces

Karanja

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] However, because control strategies and endemic areas for different NTDs often overlap, integrated programs may provide advantages over parallel programs in terms of cost and efficiency. [1][2][3]5 Lymphatic filariasis (LF) due to Wuchereria bancrofti is endemic along the western and southern coastal belt in Sri Lanka, encompassing eight districts in three provinces, namely North-Western, Western, and Southern provinces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated School-Based Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Lymphatic Filariasis in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Gunawardena

Kahathuduwa

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We explored the practicality of integrating surveillance for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH, assessed by Kato-Katz) with transmission assessment surveys for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in two evaluation units (EUs) in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka (population 2.3 million). The surveys were performed 6 years after five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole. Each transmission assessment survey tested children (N = 1,462 inland EU; 1,642 coastal EU) sampled from 30 primary schools. Low filarial antigenemia rates (0% and 0.1% for the inland and coastal EUs) suggest that LF transmission is very low in this district. The STH rates and stool sample participation rates were 0.8% and 61% (inland) and 2.8% and 58% (coastal). Most STH detected were low or moderate intensity Trichuris trichiura infections. The added cost of including STH testing was~$5,000 per EU. These results suggest that it is feasible to integrate school-based surveillance for STH and LF.

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“…Secondly, the mission facilities had limited laboratory services to confirm the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Treatment decisions therefore relied on clinical information, which has low sensitivity and specificity, 7,8,28,30 potentially making the service more expensive because of uninfected people who will be provided schistosomiasis treatment, especially as prevalence declines below 10%. At this lower prevalence, targeted treatment to infected people is more appropriate, given the limited availability of drugs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and distribution of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> infection among school children living in southwestern shores of Lake Malawi

Kayuni

Peeling

Makaula³

2017

Mal. Med. J

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BackgroundThe prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection has been shown to be about 23.7% among children living in the lakeshore areas of Malawi, with reinfection rates of about 30% to 40%. This study aimed to determine the current prevalence and distribution of S. haematobium infection in school children along the southwestern shores of Lake Malawi and examine the control interventions present in the area. MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools. School children were enrolled, demographic data were collected, and urine samples were submitted for analysis on macrohaematuria, microhaematuria, and S. haematobium eggs. A questionnaire was administered to 3 health facilities on diagnosis and treatment of schistosomiasis, as well as the control interventions against it. ResultsFour hundred children (174 males and 226 females) were enrolled from 7 primary schools. Mean participant age was 9.57 years (range 7 to 12 years). Fifty children (12.5%) had S. haematobium eggs detected in their urine, with the mean egg count being 15/10 mL. The highest infection intensity category (≥ 50 eggs/10mL) was seen in 10 children (2.5%). Prevalence varied significantly between the schools, with rates ranging from 0% to 20%. Schools with higher prevalence rates were located farther away from the nearest public hospital that provides treatment free of charge. Prevalence correlated with previous history of mass chemotherapy in schools. Mass chemotherapy, health education, and improved water supply and sanitation were some of the interventions that contributed to lower prevalence rates in some areas. ConclusionsSchistosomiasis prevalence around southwestern Lake Malawi was lower than previously reported, owing to control interventions focusing on health education, improved water supply, sanitation, and mass chemotherapy. Consistent and uniform interventions can reduce prevalence further and sustain control. As prevalence falls, diagnostics can identify high transmission areas, monitor disease trends, and guide evidence-based control strategies.

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A Diagnostics Platform for the Integrated Mapping, Monitoring, and Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Rationale and Target Product Profiles

Cited by 90 publications

References 22 publications

Cost Analysis of Tests for the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Children in Western Kenya

Cost Analysis of Tests for the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Children in Western Kenya

Integrated School-Based Surveillance for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections and Lymphatic Filariasis in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

Prevalence and distribution of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> infection among school children living in southwestern shores of Lake Malawi

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