A Diet Moderately Enriched in Phytosterols Lowers Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations in Normocholesterolemic Humans

Pelletier, Xavier; Belbraouet, Slimane; Mirabel, Didier; Mordret, F.; Perrin, J.; Pagès, Xavier Llimona i; Debry, G

doi:10.1159/000177875

Cited by 128 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It was also expected that BBR and phytosterols would decrease plasma TAG levels when provided in combination. Because plant sterols, stanols, and their ester forms possess similar capacities to lower circulating cholesterol [23][24][25][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], in the present study we have chosen the stanol form of phytosterols (PS) to determine the effect of combined treatment of BBR and PS on plasma cholesterol and TAG concentrations in rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. The safety/toxicity of BBR and PS was evaluated by hepatic biochemical parameters that are routinely used in basic toxicological research and the clinical diagnosis of drug/chemical-induced toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Xiao-ming¹,

Chen

Zidichouski³

et al. 2008

Atherosclerosis

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The objective of the present study was to determine the beneficial effects and the safety of oral administration of the combination of berberine (BBR) and plant stanols (PS) on plasma lipid profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of animals were fed a cornstarch-casein-sucrose-based high-cholesterol (2%, w:w) and high-fat (27.5%) diet. Three treatment groups were supplemented with either BBR (100 mg kg −1 body weight d −1 ), PS (1% in diet, w:w), or the combination of both (BBRPS). After 6 wk, animals were sacrificed and followed immediately with the collection of blood and organ samples. Lipid analysis revealed that PS lowered plasma total cholesterol (T-C) by 18% (p = 0.067) and non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) by 29% (p = 0.013) as compared with the control, while BBR had no effect on both T-C and non-HDL-C. The combination treatment of BBRPS reduced plasma T-C by 41% (p = 0.0002) and non-HDL-C by 59% (p < 0.0001) compared to the control group. BBR reduced plasma TG levels by 31% at a marginal significance relative to the control (p = 0.054), whereas PS had no effect. BBRPS showed an additive effect of BBR and PS on plasma TAG. PS and BBRPS both decreased liver cholesterol (p = 0.0027 and 0.0002, respectively). BBR and PS, either alone or in combination, did not show any toxic effects as assessed by plasma concentration of hepatic biochemical parameters. These results demonstrate that BBR and PS, when combined, synergistically lower plasma cholesterol levels and significantly reduce liver cholesterol, without the observation of any toxic effects. Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Xiao-ming¹,

Chen

Zidichouski³

et al. 2008

Atherosclerosis

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“…Miettinen et al, 1995 compared 1.8 gad and 2.6 gad of sitostanol ester in the second part of his study showing a slightly stronger cholesterol lowering effect of the high dose on both total and LDL cholesterol. Sitosterol has been consumed in dosages ranging from 0.7 gad to 6 gad (Weisweiler et al, 1984) in hypercholesterolaemic subjects and soy bean oil sterols in dosages from 0.7 gad (Pelletier et al, 1995) to 3.0 gad (Mensink & Katan, 1992) in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic volunteers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spreads enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects

et al. 1999

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Objective: To investigate the dose-response relationship between cholesterol lowering and three different, relatively low intake levels of plant sterols (0.83, 1.61, 3.24 gad) from spreads. To investigate the effects on lipidsoluble (pro)vitamins. Design: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled balanced incomplete Latin square design using ®ve spreads and four periods. The ®ve study spreads included butter, a commercially available spread and three experimental spreads forti®ed with three different concentrations of plant sterols. Subjects: One hundred apparently healthy normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic volunteers participated. Interventions: Each subject consumed four spreads, each for a period of 3.5 week. Conclusions:The three relatively low dosages of plant sterols had a signi®cant cholesterol lowering effect ranging from 4.9 ± 6.8%, 6.7 ± 9.9% and 6.5 ± 7.9%, for total, LDL-cholesterol and the LDLaHDL cholesterol ratio, respectively, without substantially affecting lipid soluble (pro)vitamins. No signi®cant differences in cholesterol lowering effect between the three dosages of plant sterols could be detected. This study would support that consumption of about 1.6 g of plant sterols per day will bene®cally affect plasma cholesterol concentrations without seriously affecting plasma carotenoid concentrations.

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“…Plant sterols have been shown to decrease both plasma total [28,29] and LDL cholesterol [30,31] without significant alterations in plasma HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Phytosterols are known to elicit these actions through inhibition of dietary cholesterol absorption from the intestine [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and α-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster

Wollin

Wang

Kubow

et al. 2004

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the antioxidant ␣-lipoic acid (ALP) versus a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture (MCTo), which was designed to increase energy expenditure and to improve lipid profiles containing medium chain triglycerides, phytosterols, and omega-3 fatty acids in the form of flaxseed oil. A total of 48 hamsters were fed a) hypercholesterolemic (HC) control, b) HC MCTo, c) HC ALP, or d) HC MCTo/ALP diet for 4 weeks. No differences were observed on food intake, body weight, total body water, lean and fat mass, and tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). ALP alone had no effect on total cholesterol (TC); however, MCTo feeding increased TC with (P Ͻ 0.03) and without (P Ͻ 0.003) ALP when compared with control. ALP increased HDL levels compared with control (P Ͻ 0.04) and MCTo/ALP (P Ͻ 0.007) groups. MCTo, with (P Ͻ 0.0001) or without (P Ͻ 0.006) ALP, increased non-HDL cholesterol levels versus control. The non-HDL:HDL cholesterol ratio was decreased by ALP compared with MCTo (45%) and MCTo/ALP (68%) (P Ͻ 0.0001), a similar trend was seen when compared with the HC control (22%) group (P Ͻ 0.14). Triglyceride levels were not altered by any dietary treatment. Liver and heart tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) was increased (P Ͻ 0.05) by all three treatments when compared with control. Both tissues showed an increase (P Ͻ 0.05) in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) when fed ALP as compared with other treatments. Hamsters fed ALP had a lower (P Ͻ 0.05) GSH/GSSG ratio compared with other treatment groups. In conclusion, MCTo feeding does not elicit beneficial effects on circulating plasma lipids and measures of body composition. In addition, our results do not clearly support an improvement in oxidative status through supplementation of ALP. However, our results do support the existence of beneficial effects of ALP on circulating lipoprotein content in the hamster.

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A Diet Moderately Enriched in Phytosterols Lowers Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations in Normocholesterolemic Humans

Cited by 128 publications

References 12 publications

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Co-administration of berberine and plant stanols synergistically reduces plasma cholesterol in rats

Spreads enriched with three different levels of vegetable oil sterols and the degree of cholesterol lowering in normocholesterolaemic and mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects

Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and α-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster

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