A dieta e o consumo diário de alimento de Cichla monoculus na Amazônia Central

Abstract

RESUMO -Avaliar a dieta, o ritmo alimentar e a taxa de consumo diária de alimento dos peixes pode permitir estimar a relação entre a alimentação e o crescimento, a pressão de predação sobre espécies de presas, a limitação alimentar durante estações do ano e a competição intra e interespecífica. Estas informações são desconhecidas para C.monoculus na Amazônia Central e aqui são apresentados dados sobre a ecologia trófica desta espécie durante quatro estações hidrológicas. A área de estudo incluía três lagos de várzea na Amazônia Central, durante os períodos de agosto de 1997 a julho de 1998. Os estudos da dieta e do ritmo alimentar foram feitos através das análises dos conteúdos estomacais. A taxa de evacuação gástrica foi estimada experimentalmente. O consumo diário de alimento foi calculado a partir dos modelos de Elliot & Persson e de Eggers. A intensidade de alimentação da espécie foi baixa durante a seca. A dieta do C. monoculus foi basicamente piscívora e composta de nove famílias de peixes e uma de camarão, apresentando variações no decorrer das estações hidrológicas e com o tamanho do peixe. A taxa de evacuação gástrica foi 16,9% h -1 . O consumo diário de alimento, que não foi diferente nas quatro estações hidrológicas, teve média igual a 2,23% do peso corporal. Este valor é baixo comparado a outros estudos estimados para peixes tropicais. Indicando que esta espécie come relativamente pouco.Palavras-chave: Cichla, Amazônia, peixes, alimentação, consumo diário Feeding and Daily Ration of Cichla monoculus in Central Amazon.ABSTRACT -Information on food, feeding rhythm and daily ration of fish are useful to food limitation. This type of information was lacking to Cichla monoculus in its natural habitats in the Central Amazon floodplain and here it is presented data on the feeding ecology of this species during one hydrological cycle. The study included three floodplain lakes sampled analysis and the gastric evacuation rate was measured experimentally. The daily ration was the dry season. The diet consisted basically of fish, comprising 9 families of fish but one family of shrimp occurred in 20% of the samples. The gastric evacuation rate was 16.9%h -1 . The daily ration was not different between seasons and averaged 2.23% bw. This is a relatively low value compared to other piscivores.

Feeding of the Brycon cephalus, Triportheus elongatus and Semaprochilodus insignis (osteichthyes, characiformes) larvae in Solimões/Amazonas River and floodplain areas.

“…Cyclical environmental factors of short and medium duration, like distribution of small crustaceans on water column during the day (Fisher et al, 1983), or hydrological cycles (Rabelo, 1999), may influence prey availability. However, it is possible fish larvae show changes due to their diet plasticity or active prey selection (Mérigoux & Ponton, 1998), often as a consequence of occasional food offerings (Goulding, 1980, LoweMcConnel, 1987.…”

Feeding and reproductive ecology of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 within its native range, Lajeado reservoir, rio Tocantins basin

“…Cichla piquiti had restrict piscivorous behavior (a common pattern in Cichla; Jepsen et al, 1997;Novaes et al, 2004;Montaña et al, 2011), with little influence of season, sex and ontogeny. It is likely that small predators (< 10 cm SL) consume other resources, such as invertebrates (e.g., Rabelo & Araújo-Lima, 2002), but these small fish were absent from samples (as were large individuals); our inferences are valid to C. piquiti between 15 and 45 cm SL. For this size range, small-sized Characidae and Cichlidae fish were the most consumed prey, probably because these groups dominate fish assemblages in South American reservoirs , and co-occur with Cichla in shallow littoral areas.…”

Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data

“…Effective sampling by angling is almost entirely restricted to low water conditions in Amazon flood pulse river systems (P. Reiss, personal observation). Collection of Cichla by other means is also more difficult in high water conditions (Rabelo & Araujo-Lima, 2002). As a result, data of the type obtained by angling in this study is not as readily available from high water periods.…”