A differential rate of regional distribution of barley flavonoid patterns in Ethiopia, and a view on the center of origin of barley

Abstract

131 Land race populations of barley represented by 745 individuals from 16 regions in Ethiopia were investigated for a microgeographical distribution of flavonoid patterns. The differential distributions and frequencies of various flavonoid patterns observed in different regions are presumed to be the effect of natural selection, and are indicated to be used as additional characters in pinpointing areas for in situ gene conservation. A regional correlated abundance of Est‐B null alleles and flavonoid patterns gave unclarified indications calling for further investigations. A numerical analysis of groupings of the various flavonoid spots recorded was found to show congruence with the already established patterns. A further split of the defined patterns and the possible utility of such subdivisions in disease resistance identification is outlined. The concept for the centre of origin of barley is discussed, the ruling out of the possibility of Ethiopia being the centre of origin for barley is questioned, and the need for archaelogical and genetical evidence on this issue is highly recommended.

Phenotypic diversity in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum (C. Koch) Thell.) accessions collected in Jordan

“…In conclusion, they suggested that, the Israel-Jordan area in the southern part of the Fertile Crescent has the highest probability of being the geographical area within which barley was domesticated. However, with evidences found in Morocco (Molina-Cano et al 1999), Ethiopia (Bekele 1983), and in Tibet (Xu 1982), the general agreement of the monophyletic origin of wild barley was challenged. Moreover, Molina-Cano et al (2005) proposed further centers of origin.…”

Agricultural Origins: Centers and Noncenters; A Near Eastern Reappraisal

“…Given Downloaded by [University of Colorado -Health Science Library] at 21:05 25 December 2014 the immense literature on the subject (e.g., Takahashi, 1955;Komatsuda et al, 2004, Azhaguvel andKomatsuda, 2007;Ladizinsky, 1998b;Ladizinsky and Genizi, 2001;Badr et al, 2000;Bekele, 1983;Morrell and Clegg, 2007;Orabi et al, 2007;Kilian et al, 2006;Neale et al, 1988;Abbo et al, 2001;Li et al, 2004;Molina-Cano et al, 1987;2005;Tanno et al, 2002;von Bothmer, 2003;and Murphy et al, 1982; to mention just few, and numerous citations therein), this issue requires a comprehensive treatment under a separate title. The fact that none of the modern phylogenetic studies points to southeastern Turkey as the origin of domesticated barley is indeed a weakness inherent to the core area reconstruction.…”

“…Quite a number of researchers, among them Willcox (2005) Willcox (2005) for example, suggests that each cereal species was domesticated in a different place by virtue of its varying ecological preferences. Additional arguments are building on studies of individual crop species -for example, multiple, independent domestication events proposed for einkorn in the Karacada region, Turkey (Kilian et al, 2007); and for barley in the Near East (Ladizinsky, 1998b;Morrell and Clegg, 2007), Central Asia (Takahashi, 1955;Morrell and Clegg, 2007), Ethiopia (Bekele, 1983;Orabi et al, 2007), and Morocco (Molina-Cano et al, 1987;2005).…”

Adaptation and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces revealed by molecular analysis

“…Several studies have reported a high level of genetic diversity in barley populations from Ethiopia, such as those based on morphological traits [14-16], and on biochemical data [17,18]. Moreover, Ethiopian barley is a precious source of genes that control important agronomic traits, such as resistance to disease (e.g.…”