A differing pattern of association between dietary fish and allergen‐specific subgroups of atopy

Andreasyan, Karen; Ponsonby, Anne–Louise; Dwyer, Terence; Kemp, Andrew; Dear, Keith; Cochrane, Jennifer; Carmichael, A

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00757.x

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This can result in increased production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E 2 with a consequent increase in the likelihood of atopic T-helper (Th) cell type 2 sensitisation, asthma and atopic disease [2]. Several studies have reported beneficial associations of dietary fish intake [5,6,8,22,23,[27][28][29] or harmful associations of margarine and vegetable oil intake [4,9,23,27,29] with asthma and atopic disease in children, whereas other studies did not find effects of n-3 PUFAs [4,7,20] or n-6-rich foods [18]. In the present study, increased fish consumption at early age appeared to be protective for sensitisation to inhaled allergens and BHR, but seemed to increase the risk of sensitisation to food allergens at 8 yrs of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood diet and asthma and atopy at 8 years of age: the PIAMA birth cohort study

et al. 2010

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Diet may affect the development of asthma. We investigated whether asthma or atopy outcomes at 8 yrs of age were associated with long-term dietary exposure, and whether associations were different for consumption at early or later age.The Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort enrolled 4,146 participants at baseline, who were followed up to 8 yrs of age. Dietary intakes of interest were fruit, vegetables, brown/wholemeal bread, fish, milk, butter and margarine. Associations between food intake at early (2-3 yrs) and later (7-8 yrs) age, and long-term intake, asthma and atopy at 8 yrs of age were calculated by logistic regression.Complete longitudinal dietary data for at least one of the food groups were available for 2,870 children. Fruit consumption at early age was associated with reduced asthma symptoms (OR per 1 consumption day per week increase 0.93, 95% CI 0.85-1.00). Long-term fruit intake was inversely associated with asthma symptoms (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.99) and sensitisation to inhaled allergens (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.99). We found no consistent associations between diet and outcomes for other foods.This study indicates no consistent effects of increased early or late consumption, or long-term intake of certain foods on asthma and atopy in 8-yr-olds, with a possible exception for fruit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood diet and asthma and atopy at 8 years of age: the PIAMA birth cohort study

et al. 2010

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“…Nine studies observed a beneficial effect of fish intake during infancy/ childhood and atopic outcomes in those infants/children [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Two of the studies observed a negative effect of fish intake on childhood atopy [45,46], and three studies observed no associations [47][48][49].…”

Section: Pufas Eicosanoids Inflammatory Processes and Atopymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Of the studies that found a beneficial association between fish intake during infancy/childhood and atopic outcomes, three were prospective cohort [38,41,49], two were case-control [36,37], and four were cross-sectional [39,40,42,43]. The age range of children taking part in these studies was between 1 and 18 years (at the time point that outcomes were measured).…”

Section: Pufas Eicosanoids Inflammatory Processes and Atopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Atopy Risk in Infants and Children in Relation to Early Exposure to Fish, Oily Fish, or Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Systematic Review

Kremmyda

Vlachava

Noakes

et al. 2009

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

165

129

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There are two main families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the n-6 and the n-3 families. It has been suggested that there is a causal relationship between n-6 PUFA intake and allergic disease, and there are biologically plausible mechanisms, involving eicosanoid mediators of the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid, that could explain this. Fish and fish oils are sources of long-chain n-3 PUFAs and these fatty acids act to oppose the actions of n-6 PUFAs. Thus, it is considered that n-3 PUFAs will protect against atopic sensitization and against the clinical manifestations of atopy. Evidence to examine this has been acquired from epidemiologic studies investigating associations between fish intake in pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood, and atopic outcomes in infants and children and from intervention studies with fish oil supplements in pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood, and atopic outcomes in infants and children. All five epidemiological studies investigating the effect of maternal fish intake during pregnancy on atopic or allergic outcomes in infants/children of those pregnancies concluded protective associations. One study investigating the effects of maternal fish intake during lactation did not observe any significant associations. The evidence from epidemiological studies investigating the effects of fish intake during infancy and childhood on atopic outcomes in those infants or children is inconsistent, although the majority of the studies (nine of 14) showed a protective effect of fish intake during infancy or childhood on atopic outcomes in those infants/children. Fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation or during infancy or childhood results in a higher n-3 PUFA status in the infants or children. Fish oil provision to pregnant women is associated with immunologic changes in cord blood and such changes may persist. Studies performed to date indicate that provision of fish oil during pregnancy may reduce sensitization to common food allergens and reduce prevalence and severity of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life, with a possible persistence until adolescence with a reduction in eczema, hay fever, and asthma. Fish oil provision to infants or children may be associated with immunologic changes in the blood but it is not clear if these are of clinical significance and whether they persist. Fish oil supplementation in infancy may decrease the risk of developing some manifestations of allergic disease, but this benefit may not persist as other factors come into play. It is not clear whether fish oil can be used to treat children with asthma as the two studies conducted to date give divergent results. Further studies of increased long-chain n-3 PUFA provision in during pregnancy, lactation, and infancy are needed to more clearly identify the immunologic and clinical effects in infants and children and to identify protective and therapeutic effects and their persistence.

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“…Nevertheless, there are different and partly inconsistent results concerning the n-3 hypothesis. Some studies could find significant associations between PUFAs in the diet, allergic sensitisation and allergic symptoms [4,8,9,11,21] , but other studies found no such effect [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Although the n-3 hypothesis is biologically plausible, it has not been confirmed by many epidemiological studies [29] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Consumption, Allergic Sensitisation and Allergic Diseases in Adults

Schnappinger

Sausenthaler²,

Linseisen³

et al. 2009

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: Previous studies have suggested that fish intake plays a protective role in the development of allergic diseases because of its high content of n-3 very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA). However, it is not clear whether fish intake also has a beneficial effect in adulthood, when allergic diseases are thought to be predominantly manifested. Methods: Data from 388 adults from German study centres within the European Community Respiratory Health Study II were analysed. These subjects completed an extensive interviewer-administered questionnaire as well as a food frequency questionnaire, lung function measurement and blood drawing for specific IgE testing at the study centre. Results: Allergic sensitisation (RAST ≥2) was negatively associated with high fish consumption (adjusted OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05–0.83) and high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake (adjusted OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.95) in females but not in males when comparing the fourth quartile with the first quartile of intake. No other outcome was related to fish or DHA consumption. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that adult females with a high fish and DHA intake have a lower rate of allergic sensitisation. It is not understood why this association was only seen in females, but gender-related differences in metabolism of PUFAs could be a possible explanation.

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A differing pattern of association between dietary fish and allergen‐specific subgroups of atopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Childhood diet and asthma and atopy at 8 years of age: the PIAMA birth cohort study

Childhood diet and asthma and atopy at 8 years of age: the PIAMA birth cohort study

Atopy Risk in Infants and Children in Relation to Early Exposure to Fish, Oily Fish, or Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Systematic Review

Fish Consumption, Allergic Sensitisation and Allergic Diseases in Adults

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