A diffusion–reaction–deformation coupling model for lithiation of silicon electrodes considering plastic flow at large deformation

Mechanics-based design of lithium-ion batteries: a perspective

“…[14][15][16][17][18] These stresses further cause mechanical damage, 11,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] which eventually leads to the coupled mechanical-electrochemical degradation of LIBs. 18,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Meanwhile, even without considering degradation, mechanical stresses/strains also affect the intrinsic properties of LIBs directly, such as voltage profiles, 33,34 particle/ electrode-level mass/electron transfer [35][36][37][38] and lithium dendrite growth. 39,40 Therefore, it can be concluded that the mechanical behaviour is a key factor in determining battery lifetime and affecting battery performance.…”