A digital watermarking approach to secure and precise range query processing in sensor networks

Abstract

Two-tiered wireless sensor networks offer good scalability, efficient power usage, and space saving. However, storage nodes are more attractive to attackers than sensors because they store sensor collected data and processing sink issued queries. A compromised storage node not only reveals sensor collected data, but also may reply incomplete or wrong query results. In this paper, we propose QuerySec, a protocol that enables storage nodes to process queries correctly while prevents them from revealing both data from sensors and queries from the sink. To protect privacy, we propose an order preserving function-based scheme to encode both sensor collected data and sink issued queries, which allows storage nodes to process queries correctly without knowing the actual values of both data and queries. To preserve integrity, we proposed a link watermarking scheme, where data items are formed into a link by the watermarks embedded in them so that any deletion in query results can be detected.

A Secure Collusion-Aware and Probability-Aware Range Query Processing in Tiered Sensor Networks

“…Yi et al proposed an order preserving function-based protocol [9]. The protocol uses two monotone increasing functions pf (x, i) and Qf (x, y) to encode sensor data items and issued range queries respectively.…”

“…Multi-dimensional neighborhood chains [4] are used to preserve the integrity of multidimensional data, but it needs to be assisted by the vulnerable and unbelievable storage nodes. Yi et al [9] proposed a link watermarking scheme to check 1-dimensional data integrity and designed a data structure called multi-dimensional neighbor tree (MDNT) to validate the integrity for multidimensional data. Nevertheless, MDNT excessively increases communication overhead and energy consumption, and it is built in storage nodes, which are not reliable.…”

“…Furthermore, we propose the mutual verification scheme that allows the sink to verify the integrity of query results. The mutual verification scheme achieves stronger scalability than existing prior integrity verification schemes [4] and [9] for range queries in tiered WSNs.…”

“…Storage nodes can process range queries on these characteristic values without knowing sensitive data and actual queries. Most existing secure range query protocols [4]- [9] only study privacy preservation when storage nodes are compromised. Work [10] first focused on collusion attacks for range queries in tiered WSNs, but it did not consider probability attacks.…”

Secure and Low Energy Consumption Range Query in Tiered Sensor Networks

“…With the wide application and development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [1] , the application deployment process is subject to serious privacy data leakages or tampering [2] . Therefore, it is very important to study and solve the problem of large-scale application in wireless sensor networks.…”