A direct comparison of biological response modulation and clinical side effects by interferon-beta ser, interferon-gamma, or the combination of interferons beta ser and gamma in humans.

Abstract

To directly compare clinical side effects and biological response modification, IFN-#,,er, IFN-'y,

Short Communication:Phase I Clinical and Gene Modulatory Evaluation of Tamoxifen and IFN-α2b

“…Serum levels of secreted products of ISGs generally peak between 24 and 48 h and have been used effectively as indicators of IFN-␣ biologic response modification. [22][23][24][25] As expected, IFN-␣2b induced statistically significant increases in serum levels of all three ISGs between days 1 and 8. A statistically significant further increase in ISG-15 followed the addition of tamoxifen.…”

Comparison of the Calibration Standards of Three Commercially Available Multiplex Kits for Human Cytokine Measurement to WHO Standards Reveals Striking Differences

“…Our data extend these investigations to a preclinical vaccination study where the induction of cytokines (like IL-2, IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα)-if measured accurately-might serve as surrogate markers for the assessment of therapeutic effi cacy (Panelli et al 2004;Schiller et al 1990;Blankenstein, 2005;Kircheis et al 1992;Schmidt et al 1995;Yang et al 2004). Serum samples obtained from Rhesus monkeys before and after immunization with the highly immunogenic vaccine formulation Vela402 were used for cytokine determination.…”

“…Biosource, Linco and Upstate by testing them according to the protocol provided by each manufacturer. INFγ, TNFα, IL-2 and IL-4 were chosen because they represent a well-documented panel of cytokines involved in regulating the immune system (Ruddle, 1992; Schiller et al 1990; Blankenstein, 2005). Our experiments included the comparison of the three kit standards by measuring them with each kit (i.e.…”

“…IFNγ is involved in nearly all phases of immune responses including activation, growth and differentiation of T-cells, B-cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Additionally, IFNγ enhances MHC expression on antigen-presenting cells (Schiller et al 1990). IL-2 and IL-4 are representative cytokines involved in T-cell activation, and the balance between Th1 and Th2 is largely determined by the balance between IFNγ and IL-4, respectively.…”

Interferon beta-1b in Multiple Sclerosis

“…Levels of other interferoninduced proteins (~2-microglobulin, 2',5' -oligo- adenylate synthetase and neopterin) and cytotoxic cell activity remained elevated during continued interferon beta-I b administration for 10 days, while the percentage of monocytes expressing HLA class II commonly declined after day 2 (table 1).£3, [16][17][18] Interferon-y synthesis was reduced dose-proportionally in activated lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis receiving interferon beta-I bP] and a clinical dose-response relationship was observed in a large double-blind study (section 2»)23] However, in patients with cancer, biological responses observed with interferon beta-I b 0 .53 MIU were only slightly augmented at higher doses (up to 32 MIU). An initial increase in antigen processing and presentation, with an associated increase in HLA class II (HLA-DR and HLA-DQ) expression, was also noted in the first 24 hours after interferon beta-1 b administration.…”