A direct-flame solid oxide fuel cell (DFFC) operated on methane, propane, and butane

Kronemayer, Helmut; Barzan, Daniel; Horiuchi, Michio; Suganuma, Shigeaki; Tokutake, Yasue; Schulz, Christof; Bessler, Wolfgang G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.074

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Direct-flame SOFCs have been operated with a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels, including methane [2], propane [6], butane [4], ethylene [5], ethanol [15], methanol [8], parrafin [4], and wood [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OCV in the range 750 to 950 mV is typical, and OCV near the theoretical maximum can be achieved [12,28], suggesting that the effects of mixing of fuel and air at the unsealed edge of the cell can be minimized. Note that SOFCs operating pure hydrogen vs. air display OCV near 1.1 V; the lower OCV for direct-flame configuration is a consequence of the relatively lower concentration of electrochemically-active fuel species (H 2 and CO) and higher oxygen partial pressure (CO 2 , H 2 O) present in the flame [6,28]. The concentration of all species varies spatially within the flame, so optimal placement of the cell within the flame can be important for maximizing performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells operated in direct-flame configuration

Tucker

Ying

2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFC) with infiltrated catalysts on both anode and cathode side are operated in direct-flame configuration, with a propane flame impinging on the anode. Placing thermal insulation on the cathode dramatically increases cell temperature and performance. The optimum burner-to-cell gap height is a strong function of flame conditions. Cell performance at the optimum gap is determined within the region of stable non-coking conditions, with equivalence ratio from 1 to 1.9 and flow velocity from 100 to 300 cm s . The cell starts to produce power within 10 s of being placed in the flame, and displays stable performance over 10 extremely rapid thermal cycles. The cell provides stable performance for >20 h of semi-continuous operation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells operated in direct-flame configuration

Tucker

Ying

2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…This is a significant challenge in a dual chamber configuration in which the fuel cells are sealed to create separate fuel and oxidant chambers (Milcarek et al, 2016e;Milcarek et al, 2016f). To avoid the sealing challenges a single chamber configuration (Priestnall et al, 2002;Raz et al, 2002;Riess 2008;Riess et al, 1995) and a no-chamber, Direct Flame Fuel Cell (DFFC) (Endo and Nakamura 2014;Horiuchi et al, 2004;Kronemayer et al, 2007;Sun et al, 2010;Vogler et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014b;Wang et al, 2013;Yu-guang Wang et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014a;Zhu et al 2012), have been proposed. While the DFFC configuration can perform rapid startup and thermal cycling, challenges persist with low fuel utilization, electrical efficiency, and thermal stresses due to an uneven temperature distribution of the flame over the fuel cell surface (Wang et al, 2015(Wang et al, , 2011Wang et al, 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-tubular flame-assisted fuel cells

Milcarek

Garrett

Ahn

2017

JFST

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Micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells operating in fuel-rich combustion exhaust are explored in this work and their benefits in reducing the balance of plant in fuel cell systems is discussed. The current state of performance of these micro-tubular flame-assisted fuel cells operating with methane fuel is described and the benefits of operating in propane fuel are explored. An experimental investigation of propane combustion at different fuel/air equivalence ratios is conducted. Temperature measurements of the propane combustion are recorded with thermocouples while the gas species present in the exhaust are measured with a gas chromatograph. Propane is found to have advantages over methane due to a higher upper flammability limit and higher percentages of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, i.e. syngas, generated in the combustion exhaust. A micro-tubular flame-assisted fuel cell is tested using the four probe technique in model propane combustion exhaust at different equivalence ratios and temperatures. A method for comparing the performance of the fuel cell in the combustion exhaust to a hydrogen fuel baseline is developed and comparisons are made. The benefits of operating in propane compared to methane are explored with the potential for fuels like propane and butane being distinguished by their higher upper flammability limits and potential for higher concentrations of syngas in the combustion exhaust.

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“…Furthermore, SC-SOFC developed up to now can only use gaseous fuels directly, thereby limiting its range of fuel flexibility. To overcome the limitation of the conventional dual-chamber SOFC and SC-SOFC, Kronemayer et al [37] proposed an innovative concept of a direct-flame fuel cell (DFFC) operated without a gas chamber. The operation principle of DFFC is based on the combination of a flame with a SOFC in a simple, "no-chamber" setup.…”

Section: R E T R a C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T R A C T E D R E T mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Progress and Challenges of the Power Generation Systems at Micro-Scales

Chen

2015

ILCPA

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The miniaturization of electro-mechanical devices, and the resulting need for micro-power generation (milliwatts to watts) with low weight, long life devices, has led to the recent development of the field of micro-scale combustion and power generation. The primary objective of this new field is to leverage the high energy density of fuels, specifically liquid hydrocarbon fuels relative to batteries and all other energy storage devices other than nuclear fission, fusion or decay. Some brief scaling arguments are given in this work, and more detailed efforts are referred. A brief introduction to several of the fabrication techniques is presented in this work. Hydrogen-based and some preliminary specialty fuel micro-fuel cells have been successfully developed, and there is a need to develop reliable reformers (or direct conversion fuel cells) for liquid hydrocarbons so that the fuel cells become competitive with the batteries. In this work, the technological issues related to micro-scale combustion and the development of thermochemical devices for power generation will be discussed. Some of the systems currently being developed will be presented, ongoing critical study issues under investigation, and other potential areas of development discussed. Comments regarding the opportunities and limitations of each of the techniques are also presented where applicable.

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A direct-flame solid oxide fuel cell (DFFC) operated on methane, propane, and butane

Cited by 81 publications

References 15 publications

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells operated in direct-flame configuration

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells operated in direct-flame configuration

Micro-tubular flame-assisted fuel cells

Review on Progress and Challenges of the Power Generation Systems at Micro-Scales

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