A direct load control strategy of centralized air-conditioning systems for building fast demand response to urgent requests of smart grids

Tang, Rui; Wang, Shengwei; Yan, Chengchu

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2017.12.012

Cited by 71 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this section, a case is discussed in which the controllable air conditioners for all of the users under the same power sales area were the same model, the rated power was 3.5 kW, the temperature control parameter was In the day-ahead process, the utility planned to reduce the peak from 12:00 to 13:00 the next day. The upper and lower limits of the temperature were substituted into equations (4) and (6). on τ was in the interval of [7.614, 8.319] min, and off τ was in the interval [24.347, 33.6] Table 1.…”

Section: Schedulable Capacity Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The summer air-conditioning load accounts for more than 40% of electricity consumption [5], and it has excellent potential in the application of TCLs. A large number of research have been conducted on TCL methods for air conditioners, and load regulators were used in reference [6] to respond urgently to the needs of retailers. The multi-objective problem of air-conditioning dispatch by solving multi-objective functions was proposed in reference [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Power Retailer Air-Conditioning Load Aggregation Operation Control Method and Demand Response

et al. 2020

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Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) have become a major tool for the demand response (DR) program when air conditioners cause peak loads in a day during the winter or summer. To solve the problem of a direct load control with TCL usually affecting user comfort and hardly considering responsiveness, a power retailer airconditioning load aggregation operation control and demand response method was proposed in this research. From the perspective of a power retailer, a compensation mechanism for TCL was constructed, which was composed of a basic incentive program and an additional incentive program. The basic incentive program aimed to encourage users with a low response degree to increase the response capacity in order to participate in DR. An auxiliary service market control strategy based on a new compensation mechanism of the electricity retailer was detailed, which fully considered the enthusiasm of the user in mobilizing the response and reducing the load reduction fluctuation when using the state-queuing (SQ) model. Case studies were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with other compensation schemes, the simulation results showed that the compensation mechanism provided in this research was more reasonable, and it could smooth the load and reduce fluctuations. The compensation distribution among the user groups could effectively control the uniform distribution in the user groups in the temperature range, and it could mobilize users at different temperatures to participate in DR.

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Section: Schedulable Capacity Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Power Retailer Air-Conditioning Load Aggregation Operation Control Method and Demand Response

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“…Hence, because of the flexibility they offer, smart buildings have the ability to resolve any imbalance in the net (Tang, Wang, & Yan, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of a controlled water heating system with demand response remunerated on imbalance market pricing

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2020

Journal of Building Engineering

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Buildings are responsible for 40% of our worldwide energy consumption and 50% of this energy is converted for HVAC systems in buildings (e.g. for hot water). Through demand response it becomes possible to activate these systems and aiding in balancing the net. We simulated a domestic water heater participating in the balancing of the electricity net and calculated the revenue from this action. The transmission system operator rewards active participation in delivering balancing energy. We simulate a water heater in connection with an Economic Model Predictive Controller (EMPC) which takes future usage, energy cost, and reward for delivering balanced power into account. We show that the choice of an EMPC controller is valid as it allows the setpoint to change if certain conditions are met, leading to a more optimal revenue stream from selling flexibility. We find that the economic benefits of participating in delivering balancing power is considerable and offset an increase in energy costs. The increase in energy consumption could be justified as the participation in net stabilisation allows the macro-system to integrate more renewable energy sources.More importantly, the simulations also show that the poorer the energy performance of the water heater, the more flexibility can be sold. From a policy point of view, a minimal energy performance should be determined before allowing participation in net stabilisation.

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“…Studies are carried out on a system of simulated dynamic building air conditioning. The strategy proposed by (Tang, 2018) could achieve the expected reduction of power (about 23%) as well as maintain the acceptable area temperature despite uncertainties about the process of prediction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Revisión general sobre sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire en edificios ecológicos e inteligentes.

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The aim of this paper is to present a general bibliographic review about recent scientific papers focused on the design and operation of air conditioning systems in green and smart buildings.The suggested review is developed using tools offered by the Scopus academic research directory, with a defined search criteria. Furthermore, the VOSviewer science bibliometric analysis software has been used. This paper has several reviews of cooling and heating systems existing or under development available for residential buildings (green and smart buildings) and some initiatives and research projects from recent years. The present paper is an academic research guide for engineers, architects, and students interested in designing, constructing and efficiently managing the cooling processes of green and smart buildings. Economic powers characterized by large megacities of countries such as the United States of America, China, Italy, Malaysia, Germany and Australia; Nowadays, increasing energy efficiency and decreasing carbon footprint of current and future buildings, both green and smart is considered more important. The most frequent fields of research in scientific contributions related to the cooling of green buildings are: sustainable development, energy efficiency and the construction industry; while in smart buildings they are: energy efficiency, smart grids, energy management.

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A direct load control strategy of centralized air-conditioning systems for building fast demand response to urgent requests of smart grids

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Power Retailer Air-Conditioning Load Aggregation Operation Control Method and Demand Response

Power Retailer Air-Conditioning Load Aggregation Operation Control Method and Demand Response

Simulation of a controlled water heating system with demand response remunerated on imbalance market pricing

Revisión general sobre sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire en edificios ecológicos e inteligentes.

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