A direct method for evaluating the concentration of boric acid in a fuel pool using scintillation detectors for joint-multiplicity measurements

Chernikova, Dina; Axell, Kåre; Pázsit, Imre; Nordlund, Anders; Sarwar, Rashed

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2013.02.021

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In case of collecting data from a 252 Cf-source, pulse shape discrimination was performed in a way similar to [20] by using a charge comparison method [21]. In Figure 6 it is seen that the neutrons and gammas are well separated.…”

Section: Description Of An Experimental Set-up and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neutron–gamma Feynman variance to mean approach: Gamma detection and total neutron–gamma detection (theory and practice)

Chernikova

Axell

Avdic

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Two versions of the neutron-gamma variance to mean (Feynman-alpha method or Feynman-Y function) formula for either gamma detection only or total neutron-gamma detection, respectively, are derived and compared in this paper. The new formulas have particular importance for detectors of either gamma photons or detectors sensitive to both neutron and gamma radiation. If applied to a plastic or liquid scintillation detector, the total neutron-gamma detection Feynman-Y expression corresponds to a situation where no discrimination is made between neutrons and gamma particles. The gamma variance to mean formulas are useful when a detector of only gamma radiation is used or when working with a combined neutron-gamma detector at high count rates. The theoretical derivation is based on the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation with the inclusion of general reactions and corresponding intensities for neutrons and gammas, but with the inclusion of prompt reactions only. A one energy group approximation is considered. The comparison of the two different theories is made by using reaction intensities obtained in MCNPX simulations with a simplified geometry for two scintillation detectors and a 252 Cf-source. In addition, the variance to mean ratios, neutron, gamma and total neutron-gamma, are evaluated experimentally for a weak 252 Cf neutron-gamma source, a 137 Cs random gamma source and a 22 Na correlated gamma source. Due to the focus being on the possibility of using neutron-gamma variance to mean theories for both reactor and safeguards applications, we limited the present study to the general analytical expressions for Feynman-alpha formulas.

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Section: Description Of An Experimental Set-up and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neutron–gamma Feynman variance to mean approach: Gamma detection and total neutron–gamma detection (theory and practice)

Chernikova

Axell

Avdic

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The data have been collected by an EJ-309 (D76 x 76 mm) LS at six different energy levels ranging from a high of 2,000 keVee to a low of 150 keVee. The settings and geometry of the experimental setup have already been described in [34].…”

Section: The Characteristics and Pre-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MATLAB Neural Networks Toolbox [33] has been used for all the ANN implementations. The n-γ dataset employed here is also used in [34][35], and contains PSD data from a wide range of energy levels, with a variable number of patterns collected at each energy level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse Shape Discrimination of Neutrons and Gamma Rays Using Kohonen Artificial Neural Networks

Tambouratzis

Chernikova

Pzsit

2013

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

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The potential of two Kohonen artificial neural networks I ANNs) - linear vector quantisa - tion (LVQ) and the self organising map (SOM) - is explored for pulse shape discrimination (PSD), i.e. for distinguishing between neutrons (n's) and gamma rays (γ’s). The effect that la) the energy level, and lb) the relative- of the training and lest sets, have on iden- tification accuracy is also evaluated on the given PSD datasel The two Kohonen ANNs demonstrate compfcmentary discrimination ability on the training and test sets: while the LVQ is consistently mote accurate on classifying the training set. the SOM exhibits higher n/γ identification rales when classifying new paltms regardless of the proportion of training and test set patterns at the different energy levels: the average tint: for decision making equals ∼100 /e in the cax of the LVQ and ∼450 μs in the case of the SOM.

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“…The data was collected during 3646 seconds with a dead time of 1.26 % for the steel container and during 3617 seconds with a dead time of 0.47 % for the copper cask. Experimental errors were estimated as in [21]. Thus, the live time of measurement was always equal to 3600 seconds.…”

Section: Description Of the Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unique radioisotopic label as a new concept for safeguarding and tagging of long-term stored items and waste

Chernikova¹,

Axell²

2013

Preprint

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The present paper discuss a novel method of tagging and labeling of waste casks, copper canisters, spent fuel containers, mercury containers, waste packages and other items. In particular, it is related to the development of new long-term security identification tags/labels that can be applied to articles for carrying information about the content, inventory tracking, prevention of falsification and theft etc. It is suggested to use a unique combination of radioisotopes with different predictable length of life, as a label of the items. The possibility to realize a multidimensional bar code symbology is proposed as an option for a new labeling method. The results of the first tests and evaluations of this are shown and discussed in the paper. The invention is suitable for use in items assigned to long-term (hundreds of years) storing or for final repositories. Alternative field of use includes fresh nuclear fuel handling and shipment of goods.

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A direct method for evaluating the concentration of boric acid in a fuel pool using scintillation detectors for joint-multiplicity measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

The neutron–gamma Feynman variance to mean approach: Gamma detection and total neutron–gamma detection (theory and practice)

The neutron–gamma Feynman variance to mean approach: Gamma detection and total neutron–gamma detection (theory and practice)

Pulse Shape Discrimination of Neutrons and Gamma Rays Using Kohonen Artificial Neural Networks

A unique radioisotopic label as a new concept for safeguarding and tagging of long-term stored items and waste

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