A Dirichlet reputation system in reliable routing of wireless ad hoc network

Abstract

Ad hoc networks are very helpful in situations when no fixed network infrastructure is available, such as natural disasters and military conflicts. In such a network, all wireless nodes are equal peers simultaneously serving as both senders and routers for other nodes. Therefore, how to route packets through reliable paths becomes a fundamental problems when behaviors of certain nodes deviate from wireless ad hoc routing protocols. We proposed a novel Dirichlet reputation model based on Bayesian inference theory which evaluates reliability of each node in terms of packet delivery. Our system offers a way to predict and select a reliable path through combination of first-hand observation and second-hand reputation reports. We also proposed moving window mechanism which helps to adjust ours responsiveness of our system to changes of node behaviors. We integrated the Dirichlet reputation into routing protocol of wireless ad hoc networks. Our extensive simulation indicates that our proposed reputation system can improve good throughput of the network and reduce negative impacts caused by misbehaving nodes.

A Robust Dirichlet Reputation and Trust Evaluation of Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

“…The result of the deviation test will affect the trust value of the recommending node positively or negatively. This method of carrying out a deviation test on received second-hand reputations is similar to the work carried out in [5,18,30,33]. For instance, if the direct reputation values (reputation vector) evaluated by a monitoring node A on a target node B is given as R 1 = R fp 1 , R dp 1 , R mmp 1 and the second-hand reputations of node B from node C are given as R 2 = R fp 2 , R dp 2 , R mmp 2 the deviation test can be evaluated based on the Euclidean distance of the reputation vectors as shown below;…”

“…In some cases, if a node's reputation drops below a specified threshold or weight, the node is penalised which could include being isolated from the network or deprived of the available network resources as in the proposed RTM models in [5,17,19,28,29]. Li Yang et.al [30] proposed a Dirichlet reputation system for reliable routing of wireless ad hoc networks. In their proposed work, they employed the use of the Dirichlet reputation model which is solely based on Bayesian inference theory to model and evaluate the reliability of nodes in their network in terms of packet delivery.…”

“…Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative node categorisation in existing RTM models has not been exhaustively analysed. Some past works on RTM systems [5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]30] categorised nodes based on the good or bad behaviours they exhibited in the network. In this paper, we presented a categorisation in which a distinctive baseline is drawn between a node's active network operations such as successful, or unsuccessful forwarding of packets, and its passive operations, such as the accuracy of the recommendations disseminated about other nodes.…”

FORBID: Cope with Byzantine Behaviors in Wireless Multi-Path Routing and Forwarding

“…Although the performance of the watchdog method is improved, the fundamental problem of overhearing is not addressed. In [23], a Dirichlet reputation system is proposed to differentiate good, selfish and malicious nodes. A moving window mechanism is also proposed to adjust responsiveness of the system to changes of node behaviors.…”

Towards the design of robust incentive mechanisms to address subjectivity and dishonesty problems in agent reporting

“…successful or unsuccessful) [35], the Beta distribution is suitable to represent reputation of sellers. If the outcomes are multinomial [114,34,56,57], the Dirichlet distribution can be used for capturing reputation of sellers.…”