A disease‐specific decline of the relative abundance of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Liwinski, Timur; Casar, Christian; Ruehlemann, Malte Christoph; Bang, Corinna; Sebode, Marcial; Hohenester, Simon; Denk, Gerald; Lieb, Wolfgang; Lohse, Ansgar W.; Franke, André; Schramm, Christoph

doi:10.1111/apt.15754

Cited by 60 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Previous research found that a reduced number of fecal anaerobes, represented by the disease-specific decline of Bifidobacterium , occurred in AIH patients ( 7 , 38 ). Our preliminary study found that early intervention of B420 could alleviate liver injury in concanavalin A (Con A) induced hepatitis mice model and decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver tissues ( Supplementary Figures 1A–C ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In a Chinese cohort, disease-associated dysbiosis in steroid treatment-naïve AIH patients was characterized by reduced biodiversity and decreased abundance of anaerobes ( 6 ). Furthermore, Timur Liwinski et al reported a disease-specific decline of the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with AIH ( 7 ), which suggested that probiotics might potentially exhibit a beneficial effect in AIH. Bifidobacterium is one of the most important bacterial groups found in the human intestinal tract and its characteristics and mechanism of action have been reported since 1950 ( 8 – 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota and intestinal barrier play significant roles in AIH thus the gut–liver axis has important clinical significance as a potential therapeutic target. In the present study, we found that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420) significantly alleviated S100-induced experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) and modulated the gut microbiota composition. While the analysis of clinical specimens revealed that the fecal SCFA quantities were decreased in AIH patients, and B420 increased the cecal SCFA quantities in EAH mice. Remarkably, B420 application improved intestinal barrier function through upregulation of tight junction proteins in both vitro and vivo experiments. Moreover, B420 decreased the serum endotoxin level and suppressed the RIP3 signaling pathway of liver macrophages in EAH mice thus regulated the proliferation of Th17 cells. Nevertheless, the inhibition effect of B420 on RIP3 signaling pathway was blunted in vitro studies. Together, our results showed that early intervention with B420 contributed to improve the liver immune homeostasis and liver injury in EAH mice, which might be partly due to the protection of intestinal barrier. Our study suggested the potential efficacy of probiotics application against AIH and the promising therapeutic strategies targeting gut–liver axis for AIH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…The microbial communities of human gut were mainly composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level (Dekaboruah et al, 2020). Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were increased in both AIH and PBC, while Bacteroidetes showed no significant difference in AIH and PBC when compared to healthy control (HC) (Lv et al, 2020). Remarkably, PSC was characterized by abundant Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, whereas Firmicutes were underrepresented (Sabino et al, 2016;Ruhlemann et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Microbiome In Autoimmune Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes

et al. 2021

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Recent studies have identified the critical role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Metagenomic studies reveal significant decrease of gut bacterial diversity in AILDs. Although profiles of metagenomic vary widely, Veillonella is commonly enriched in AIH, PBC, and PSC. Apart from gut microbiome, the oral and bile microbiome seem to be associated with these diseases as well. The functional analysis of metagenomics suggests that metabolic pathways changed in the gut microbiome of the patients. Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial bile acid metabolites, have been shown to modulate innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammation. Taken together, the evidence of host–microbiome interactions and in-depth mechanistic studies needs further accumulation, which will offer more possibilities to clarify the mechanisms of AILDs and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment in the future.

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“…Because AIH patients have impaired integrity of intestinal tight junctions, they also have intestinal flora imbalance, characterized by decrease of bifidobacteria, and changes in fecal microbes of specific diseases have been found. AIH patients may have bacterial flora migration, and intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation are related to disease severity/increased activity[ 21 ]. Study of the changes in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome in AIH, using the intestinal microbiota as a non-invasive biomarker, can be used to assess disease activity[ 22 ].…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis

Fan¹,

Liu²,

Lv³

et al. 2021

WJH

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive liver disease whose etiology and pathogenesis are not yet clear. It is currently believed that the occurrence of AIH is closely related to genetic susceptibility and immune abnormalities, and other factors such as environment, viral infection and drugs that may cause immune dysfunction. This article reviews the pathogenesis of AIH and describes the latest research results in the past 5 years.

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A disease‐specific decline of the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Cited by 60 publications

References 33 publications

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes

Pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis

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