The multidimensional structure of spatial ability remains a debated issue. However, the developmental trajectories of spatial skills have yet to be investigated as a source of evidence within this debate. We tested the intrinsic versus extrinsic and static versus dynamic dimensions of the Uttal et al. (2013, Psychol. Bull., 139, 352) typology in relation to spatial development. Participants (N = 184) aged 6-11 completed spatial tasks chosen to measure these spatial dimensions. The results indicated that the developmental trajectories of intrinsic versus extrinsic skills differed significantly. Intrinsic skills improved more between 6 and 8 years, and 7 and 8 years, than extrinsic skills. Extrinsic skills increased more between 8 and 10 years than intrinsic skills. The trajectories of static versus dynamic skills did not differ significantly. The findings support the intrinsic versus extrinsic, but not the static versus dynamic dimension, of the Uttal et al. (2013, Psychol. Bull., 139, 352) typology.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?The dimensional structure of spatial ability is a debated issue.The Uttal et al. (2013) model proposes that spatial thinking is comprised of two dimensions.There is a scarcity of developmental findings assessing the validity of these dimensions.
What does this study add?The developmental trajectories of intrinsic versus extrinsic skills differ significantly. The developmental trajectories of static versus dynamic skills do not differ significantly. Spatial skill developmental trajectories support the intrinsic versus extrinsic dimension only.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.