Mendez MP, Morris SB, Wilcoxen S, Du M, Monroy YK, Remmer H, Murphy H, Christensen PJ, Paine III R. Disparate mechanisms of sICAM-1 production in the peripheral lung: contrast between alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294: L807-L814, 2008. First published February 15, 2008 doi:10.1152/ajplung.00398.2007.-Membrane-associated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (mICAM-1; CD54) is constitutively expressed on the surface of type I alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) may be produced by proteolytic cleavage of mICAM-1 or by alternative splicing of ICAM-1 mRNA. In contrast to inducible expression seen in most cell types, sICAM-1 is constitutively released by type I AEC and is present in normal alveolar lining fluid. Therefore, we compared the mechanism of sICAM-1 production in primary cultures of two closely juxtaposed cells in the alveolar wall, AEC and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PVEC). AEC, but not PVEC, demonstrated high-level baseline expression of sICAM-1. Stimulation of AEC with TNF␣ or LPS resulted in minimal increase in AEC sICAM-1, whereas PVEC sICAM-1 was briskly induced in response to these signals. AEC sICAM-1 shedding was significantly reduced by treatment with a serine protease inhibitor, but not by cysteine, metalloprotease, or aspartic protease inhibitors. In contrast, none of these inhibitors effected sICAM-1 expression in PVEC. RT-PCR, followed by gel analysis of total RNA, suggests that alternatively spliced fragments are present in both cell types. However, a 16-mer oligopeptide corresponding to the juxtamembrane region of mICAM-1 completely abrogated sICAM-1 shedding in AEC but reduced stimulated PVEC sICAM-1 release by only 20%. Based on these data, we conclude that the predominant mechanism of sICAM-1 production likely differs in the two cell types from opposite sides of the alveolar wall.regulation; mouse; cell culture; CD54 INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 (ICAM-1) is an ϳ100-kDa molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin supergene family. The membrane-bound form of this protein (mICAM-1) serves as a counter receptor for the  2 -integrins, CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), found on leukocytes. Interactions with mICAM-1 facilitate leukocyte transmigration across the endothelium (34) and over the surface of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in the lung (27). A soluble form of the molecule, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), is found in serum and in the alveolar lining fluid (7,19,23). sICAM-1 may be generated by proteolytic cleavage and/or alternative splicing of mICAM-1 messenger RNA (4, 35, 37). Like mICAM-1, sICAM-1 interacts with LFA-1/Mac-1 to compete with leukocyte binding to mICAM-1 (36) and to stimulate leukocytes (31).sICAM-1 is normally present in the alveolar lining fluid of humans and mice (7,13,14,16,17,23). We have previously demonstrated that type I AEC are the likely source of sICAM-1 in the alveolar lining fluid and that sICAM-1 is constitutively...