A Distributed Architecture Based on Microbank Modules With Self-Reconfiguration Control to Improve the Energy Efficiency in the Battery Energy Storage System

Zhang, Zhiliang; Cai, Yong-Yong; Zhang, Yue; Gu, Dong-Jie; Liu, Yanfei

doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2406773

Cited by 112 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…11 and can be calculated by piecewise averaging. IcT_j and the phase shift angles meets the following relationship 11 (11) Extending the analysis to any m value, the peak to peak value of the resonant current during one switching period is 1 (12) where φj is the phase shift angle between top circuit j+1 and circuit 1, and φj<φj+1<π/2. Note that ∆Irj is sorted according to the current value and ∆Irj>∆Irj+1.…”

Section: Proposed Topology and Current Flow Control Of Top Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the limited voltage of individual lithium-ion battery cell, multiple cells have to be connected in series to meet the high voltage in the applications such as electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage units for renewable energy systems [1], [2]. The retired batteries from their first life automotive service can still be utilized in other applications such as the battery energy storage system (BESS) for micro-grid in order to reduce the cost and environmental impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Hierarchical Active Balancing Architecture for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhang

Gui

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

Self Cite

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper proposes a hierarchical active balancing architecture for the series-connected lithium-ion batteries. The key point of the architecture is that by grouping the battery string into different packs and introducing the top layer, the coupled influence among the cells in different packs is eliminated, which reduces the required balancing time and the energy loss. The repeated charging and discharging problem is avoided, which is beneficial for increasing the State-of-Health (SOH). Moreover, the proposed architecture can lower the current rating of the balancing circuits, which helps decrease the required cost and improve the system efficiency. On the basis of the architecture, a balancing control using the State-of-Charge (SOC) of each cell is proposed to achieve the balance for all the cells. Furthermore, to deliver the energy from one pack to any other pack bi-directionally, a multi-directional multi-port converter along with the current control method is proposed to serve as the top layer. This converter is different from the conventional three-port converter as it can achieve the arbitrary current flow direction control for any number of ports. The experimental results based on 24 series-connected 200 Ah lithium-ion batteries verified the benefits of the proposed architecture and the balancing circuits. After balancing, 4.1% of the total energy of the battery string is saved. Compared to the conventional Adjacent Cell-to-Cell (A-C2C) architecture, the proposed architecture can decrease the balancing time and the energy loss during the balancing process by 27.6% and 44.0%respectively. In addition, the current rating and the cost of the balancing circuits in the proposed architecture is only 37.5% and 11.5% of that in other references.

show abstract

Section: Proposed Topology and Current Flow Control Of Top Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hierarchical Active Balancing Architecture for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Zhang

Gui

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

Self Cite

148

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, it is necessary to maintain effective control and operation of all of the battery sets simultaneously and collaboratively, as well as to guarantee that over-charging and over-discharging situations are avoided through the whole lifecycle of a BESS. In order to achieve this goal, a distributed architecture of a BESS based on multibank module is proposed in Reference [20], where a self-reconfigurable and compact design is implemented with soft-switching and dual-active-bridge (DAB) technology taken into account. Meanwhile, to keep the state-of-charge (SoC) of each ESU within the safe region (e.g., 40~90%), in Reference [21], an online SoC calculation method is proposed based on an extended Kalman filter, so that the proposed method can be adaptable to the parameter change and become less sensitive to parameter variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Stage Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in AC Microgrids with Balanced State-of-Charge and Guaranteed Small-Signal Stability

Xie

Liu

et al. 2018

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In this paper, a two-stage battery energy storage system (BESS) is implemented to enhance the operation condition of conventional battery storage systems in a microgrid. Particularly, the designed BESS is composed of two stages, i.e., Stage I: integration of dispersed energy storage units (ESUs) using parallel DC/DC converters, and Stage II: aggregated ESUs in grid-connected operation. Different from a conventional BESS consisting of a battery management system (BMS) and power conditioning system (PCS), the developed two-stage architecture enables additional operation and control flexibility in balancing the state-of-charge (SoC) of each ESU and ensures the guaranteed small-signal stability, especially in extremely weak grid conditions. The above benefits are achieved by separating the control functions between the two stages. In Stage I, a localized power sharing scheme based on the SoC of each particular ESU is developed to manage the SoC and avoid over-charge or over-discharge issues; on the other hand, in Stage II, an additional virtual impedance loop is implemented in the grid-interactive DC/AC inverters to enhance the stability margin with multiple parallel-connected inverters integrating at the point of common coupling (PCC) simultaneously. A simulation model based on MATLAB/Simulink is established, and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed BESS architecture and the corresponding control diagram.

show abstract

“…The notion of integration of battery and power electronics has been presented in [1]. High compatibility and reliability make this module viable and advantageous [4,5]. A multilevel converter is a good choice to implement the flexible group, by replacing flying capacitors or isolated dc sources by battery packs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:As a critical subsystem in electric vehicles and smart grids, a battery energy storage system plays an essential role in enhancement of reliable operation and system performance. In such applications, a battery energy storage system is required to provide high energy utilization efficiency, as well as reliability. However, capacity inconsistency of batteries affects energy utilization efficiency dramatically; and the situation becomes more severe after hundreds of cycles because battery capacities change randomly due to non-uniform aging. Capacity mismatch can be solved by decomposing a cluster of batteries in series into several low voltage battery packs. This paper introduces a new analysis method to optimize energy utilization efficiency by finding the best number of batteries in a pack, based on capacity distribution, order statistics, central limit theorem, and converter efficiency. Considering both battery energy utilization and power electronics efficiency, it establishes that there is a maximum energy utilization efficiency under a given capacity distribution among a certain number of batteries, which provides a basic analysis for system-level optimization of a battery system throughout its life cycle. Quantitative analysis results based on aging data are illustrated, and a prototype of flexible energy storage systems is built to verify this analysis.

show abstract

A Distributed Architecture Based on Microbank Modules With Self-Reconfiguration Control to Improve the Energy Efficiency in the Battery Energy Storage System

Cited by 112 publications

References 27 publications

A Hierarchical Active Balancing Architecture for Lithium-Ion Batteries

A Hierarchical Active Balancing Architecture for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Two-Stage Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in AC Microgrids with Balanced State-of-Charge and Guaranteed Small-Signal Stability

Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About