A distributed density optimized scheduling function for IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH networks

Municio, Esteban; Spaey, Kathleen; Latré, Steven

doi:10.1002/ett.3420

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Reference [24] proposes an efficient link-scheduling method in a dense 6TiSCH network. This study assumes features similar to the IIoT network.…”

Section: E Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced 6P Transaction Methods for Industrial 6TiSCH Wireless Networks

Chung

2020

IEEE Access

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IEEE802.15.4 time-slotted channel hopping (TSCH) is designed to provide reliability even in harsh wireless networks compromised by metal structures and external noise. TSCH provides reliability through coordinated communication based on link schedule however, no policies regarding this are defined by the IEEE802.15.4 standard. 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE802.15.4e) provides management policies and link schedule negotiation mechanism that are not defined in the standard, and many studies are based on it. However, in most link-scheduling studies, 6top protocol (6P) for link schedule negotiation remains a premise, and the effect of harsh networks on 6P is rarely considered. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of 6P is degraded due to the loss of 6P packets and transaction errors. These problems can threaten the fundamentals of existing link-scheduling studies. The main disadvantage of 6P in heavy traffic low-power and lossy networks (LLN)s is that nodes indiscriminately generate 6P requests according to their own demand. In this study, we analyze the performance and problems of 6P in harsh networks and propose parent-initiated 6P transaction and transaction revert methods to overcome such problems. The proposed methods enable stable cell negotiation even in LLNs under heavy traffic load through coordinated transactions of a parent based on the cell requirement of a child. The proposed methods are implemented using OpenWSN, an open-source project that implements the 6TiSCH IoT network stack, and its performance is evaluated through extensive experimentation. The results reveal that the proposed methods improve the success rate of 6P transactions and PDR of data packets by over 100% and 22%, respectively.

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“…Reference [24] proposes an efficient link-scheduling method in a dense 6TiSCH network. This study assumes features similar to the IIoT network.…”

Section: E Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced 6P Transaction Methods for Industrial 6TiSCH Wireless Networks

Chung

2020

IEEE Access

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“…For the sake of completeness, it should also be pointed out that the idea of using the nodes’ identifiers for providing collision-free transmissions has also been utilized by the DeBras-TDMA algorithm proposed in Ref. [20]. However, this algorithm focusses on providing collision-free transmissions for DeBras messages, that is for the special frames of the algorithm that locally broadcast scheduling information, and not for the EB.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collision-Free Advertisement Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH Networks

Karalis

Zorbas

Douligeris

2019

Sensors

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IEEE802.15.4-time slotted channel hopping (TSCH) is a medium access control (MAC) protocol designed to support wireless device networking, offering high reliability and low power consumption, two features that are desirable in the industrial internet of things (IIoT). The formation of an IEEE802.15.4-TSCH network relies on the periodic transmissions of network advertising frames called enhanced beacons (EB). The scheduling of EB transmissions plays a crucial role both in the joining time and in the power consumption of the nodes. The existence of collisions between EB is an important factor that negatively affects the performance. In the worst case, all the neighboring EB transmissions of a node may collide, a phenomenon which we call a full collision. Most of the EB scheduling methods that have been proposed in the literature are fully or partially based on randomness in order to create the EB transmission schedule. In this paper, we initially show that the randomness can lead to a considerable probability of collisions, and, especially, of full collisions. Subsequently, we propose a novel autonomous EB scheduling method that eliminates collisions using a simple technique that does not increase the power consumption. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first non-centralized EB scheduling method that fully eliminates collisions, and this is guaranteed even if there are mobile nodes. To evaluate our method, we compare our proposal with recent and state-of-the-art non-centralized network-advertisement scheduling methods. Our evaluation does not consider only fixed topology networks, but also networks with mobile nodes, a scenario which has not been examined before. The results of our simulations demonstrate the superiority of our method in terms of joining time and energy consumption.

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“…Using the same primitive, Whisper can dynamically implement other policies: imposing different SFs for minimizing latency [46,47], improving the PDR of a link [48,49], reducing collisions [50] and so on. The Whisper controller complements the decentralized SFs installed in the nodes when they do not address operators’ requirements.…”

Section: Whisper Framework: Sdn Without Sdnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whisper: Programmable and Flexible Control on Industrial IoT Networks

Municio

Marquez-Barja

Latré

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Software Defined Networking (SDN) centralizes network control to improve network programmability and flexibility. Contrary to wired settings, it is unclear how to support SDN in low power and lossy networks like typical Internet of Things (IoT) ones. Challenges encompass providing reliable in-band connectivity between the centralized controller and out-of-range nodes, and coping with physical limitations of the highly resource-constrained IoT devices. In this work, we present Whisper, an enabler for SDN in low power and lossy networks. The centralized Whisper controller of a network remotely controls nodes’ forwarding and cell allocation. To do so, the controller sends carefully computed routing and scheduling messages that are fully compatible with the protocols run in the network. This mechanism ensures the best possible in-band connectivity between the controller and all network nodes, capitalizing on an interface which is already supported by network devices. Whisper’s internal algorithms further reduce the number of messages sent by the controller, to make the exerted control as lightweight as possible for the devices. Beyond detailing Whisper’s design, we discuss compelling use cases that Whisper unlocks, including rerouting around low-battery devices and providing runtime defense to jamming attacks. We also describe how to implement Whisper in current IoT open standards (RPL and 6TiSCH) without modifying IoT devices’ firmware. This shows that Whisper can implement an SDN-like control for distributed low power networks with no specific support for SDN, from legacy to next generation IoT devices. Our testbed experiments show that Whisper successfully controls the network in both the scheduling and routing plane, with significantly less overhead than other SDN-IoT solutions, no additional latency and no packet loss.

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A distributed density optimized scheduling function for IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Enhanced 6P Transaction Methods for Industrial 6TiSCH Wireless Networks

Enhanced 6P Transaction Methods for Industrial 6TiSCH Wireless Networks

Collision-Free Advertisement Scheduling for IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH Networks

Whisper: Programmable and Flexible Control on Industrial IoT Networks

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