A distributed fiber optic sensor based on cladding fluorescence

Lieberman, Robert A.; Blyler, L. L.; Cohen, L. G.

doi:10.1109/50.47873

Cited by 66 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In all optical fibers an "evanescent field" of optical energy extends into the fiber cladding. In these sensors, the evanescent field is partially absorbed by the indicator chemistry [4,9]. Upon exposure, the CO 2 diffuses into the cladding, causing a (reversible) change in the cladding absorption.…”

Section: Fiber Optic Sensor and Cladding Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associated with the latter method is lower cost and lower complexity, which generally renders it the approach of choice in most applications. Fiber optic (FO) sensors are a common choice of sensor technology [1] usable for the later approach and distributed sensors for measuring of strain rate, temperature, pressure or acoustic fields, among other physical parameters have been developed and are widely employed in the petroleum industry and in civil engineering [2,3,4,5,6]. However, developing distributed sensor for chemical monitoring remains a challenge and only few fiber optic distributed sensor system have been described and are commercially available [4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Testing of a New Fiber Optic System for Monitoring CO2 Solubility in Aqueous High-Pressure Geological Systems

et al. 2014

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A new distributed intrinsic fibre optic sensor has been developed by Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) for in situ measurement of dissolved CO 2 in brines at conditions relevant for applications in groundwater analysis, Carbon Capture and Storage reservoir surveillance, environmental monitoring of sweet/sea water systems and general water remediation applications. Our tests have shown that the sensor can withstand exposure to increased total pressures (up to 350 psi) and provide a stable signal response proportional to dissolved CO 2 concentrations in an aqueous solution. This is the first implementation of a distributed optical sensor, which is sensitive to dissolved CO 2 concentration or partial pressure of CO 2 and also exhibits feasibility to commercially produce lengths relevant for actual reservoir monitoring. In addition, first promising results from high-pressure experiments suggest that the sensor has potential for eventually being used in long-term installations for measuring dissolved CO 2 concentrations at different reservoir depths. With regard to carbon sequestration, these first high-pressure experiments represent a first step in the development of a new fibre optic sensor system that can eventually be employed to continuously monitor the reservoir and overlying rock layers for CO 2 leaks, quantify the extend of the potential leak and help to take informed decisions regarding remediation and further leak-containment measures.

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Section: Fiber Optic Sensor and Cladding Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Testing of a New Fiber Optic System for Monitoring CO2 Solubility in Aqueous High-Pressure Geological Systems

et al. 2014

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“…1,2 This group reported an optical fiber with a glass core and a polymeric fluorescent cladding sensitive to molecular oxygen. The fiber was wound around a quartz tube and an UV source illuminated the sensitive cladding from the outside the tube (see Figure 5 of [1] and Figures 3a, 3b, 11a and 11b of [2]). This type of configuration had several drawbacks among them:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to then, previous systems used a monochromator to split the light in different wavelengths requiring a very sensitive and expensive detector. [1][2][3][16][17][18][19][20] Instead, Egalon 22 completely removed the monochromator/spectrometer part of this system and attached an inexpensive photometer with a filter to the fiber end face. This set up (Figure 1a) dramatically increased the fluorescent signal and decreased the cost and size of this type of system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipoint side illuminated absorption based optical fiber sensor for relative humidity

Egalon

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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A side illuminated optical fiber sensor with three sensing points and an absorption-based indicator in the cladding was demonstrated for the first time. This device is easy to manufacture, uses leaky modes as the signal carrier and can measure RH in air, soil, concrete and other environments. So far, only side illuminated fluorescence sensors have been reported. They were thought, erroneously, to have their entire signal generated by evanescent wave coupling when, in fact, leaky modes also play an important role. This, coupled to the prevailing misconception that leaky modes propagate for very short lengths of fiber, prevented the earlier discovery of this absorption-based configuration. A 25 cm long fiber, with a cladding doped with an absorption dye sensitive to Relative Humidity (RH), was used in this demonstration. The fiber was side illuminated by a broadband LED, a fraction of this light was absorbed by the cladding and the remaining light guided to the fiber tip as low loss leaky modes. A total of three sensors, two with three sensing points and one with two, were calibrated using a low cost photometer. The signal was linear, stable, increased with RH and had resolutions between 0.11% and 0.25% in RH. With 5 mm diameter LEDs, devices with at least two sensing points per centimeter of fiber can be easily fabricated resulting in sensors with a very high density of sensing points. Compared to the prevailing axial illumination approach, the side illuminated sensor was found to be far simpler and inexpensive. Keywords:optical fiber sensor; side illuminated optical fiber; side excited optical fiber; side pumped optical fiber; absorption based sensor; relative humidity; multi point sensor; high density of sensing points; evanescent wave coupling; high spatial resolution

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“…As a counter part in the blue spectrum, the common fluorophor 9,10-diphenylantracene (9,10-DPA) was selected, which emits light at 430 nm. Both materials are well known for their suitability in fluorescent optical waveguides, [9][10][11] but this is the first time that their deposition in a solvent-free polymer matrix via ink-jet printing has been reported. Other fluorophores could be deposited in a similar manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink-jet printed fluorescent materials as light sources for planar optical waveguides on polymer foils

Bollgruen

Gleißner

Wolfer³

et al. 2016

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. Polymer-based optical sensor networks on foils (planar optronic systems) are a promising research field, but it can be challenging to supply them with light. We present a solvent-free, ink-jet printable material system with optically active substances to create planar light sources for these networks. The ink is based on a UV-curable monomer, the fluorescent agents are EuðDBMÞ 3 Phen or 9,10-diphenylantracene, which fluoresce at 612 or 430 nm, respectively. We demonstrate the application as light source by printing a small area of fluorescent material on an optical waveguide fabricated by flexographic printing on PMMA foil, resulting in a simple polymer-optical device fabricated entirely by additive deposition techniques. When excited by a 405-nm laser of 10 mW, the emitted light couples into the waveguide and appears at the end of the waveguide. In comparison to conventional light sources, the intensity is weak but could be detected with a photodiode power sensor. In return, the concept has the advantage of being completely independent of any electrical elements or external cable connections.

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A distributed fiber optic sensor based on cladding fluorescence

Cited by 66 publications

References 15 publications

Development and Testing of a New Fiber Optic System for Monitoring CO2 Solubility in Aqueous High-Pressure Geological Systems

Development and Testing of a New Fiber Optic System for Monitoring CO2 Solubility in Aqueous High-Pressure Geological Systems

Multipoint side illuminated absorption based optical fiber sensor for relative humidity

Ink-jet printed fluorescent materials as light sources for planar optical waveguides on polymer foils

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