A distributed, hierarchical and recurrent framework for reward-based choice

Hunt, Laurence T.; Hayden, Benjamin Y.

doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.7

Cited by 229 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…An advantage of viewing decision making through the lens of foraging is that it provides a new perspective on the fundamental meaning of value, one of the important philosophical problems of neuroeconomics (Hunt & Hayden, 2017; Levy & Glimcher, 2012; O’Doherty, 2011; Schultz, 2008; Wallis & Rich, 2011). Specifically, it suggests that value is not a single entity, but a convenient name for a variety of constituent cognitive processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing pupil responses to offered and anticipated reward values

et al. 2018

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Previous studies have shown that the pupils dilate more in anticipation of larger rewards. This finding raises the possibility of a more general association between reward amount and pupil size. We tested this idea by characterizing macaque pupil responses to offered rewards during evaluation and comparison in a binary choice task. To control attention, we made use of a design in which offers occurred in sequence. By looking at pupil responses after choice but before reward, we confirmed the previously observed positive association between pupil size and anticipated reward values. Surprisingly, however, we find that pupil size is negatively correlated with the value of offered gambles before choice, during both evaluation and comparison stages of the task. These results demonstrate a functional distinction between offered and anticipated rewards, and present evidence against a narrow version of the simulation hypothesis, the idea that we represent offers by reactivating states associated with anticipating them. They also suggest that pupil size is correlated with relative, not absolute, values of offers, suggestive of an accept-reject model of comparison.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing pupil responses to offered and anticipated reward values

et al. 2018

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“…As the decision-maker deliberates and begins to favor of one the options, the representation of that action grows stronger until a decision threshold is reached (Cisek, 2006; Cisek and Kalaska, 2005; Thura and Cisek, 2014). These observations suggest that these regions are not simply waiting around for the results of the comparison to occur, but that the preparation and comparison take place—in part—within motor regions (Cisek, 2012; Cisek and Pastor-Bemier, 2014; Hunt and Hayden, 2017; Kaufman et al, 2014; see also Peixoto et al, 2018). …”

Section: The Reward System and The Motor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reward system integrates across dimensions to generate abstract decision variables; that is, ones that are correlated with value (e.g. Barron et al, 2017; Blanchard et al, 2015; Fellows, 2006; Hayden, 2016; Hunt and Hayden, 2017; Raghuraman and Padoa-Schioppa, 2014; Strait et al, 2014; Suzuki et al, 2017). However, unlike the visual system, which has only one major input locus—the eyes—the reward system has many inputs.…”

Section: Untangling Information In Form Visionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The untangling idea rejects such a functional dichotomy and suggests that choice is made through a distributed consensus process occurring simultaneously in multiple regions (Cisek, 2012; Cisek and Kalaska, 2010; Hunt and Hayden, 2017). …”

Section: The Reward System and The Motor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The untangling view is serial and hierarchical (Cisek, 2012; Cisek and Pastor-Bemier, 2014; Hunt and Hayden, 2017). That is, some regions sit at an early stage that is more input-like (and carry more details about sensory, visceral, and other inputs) and other regions sit at a late stage that is more output-like (and have more details about motor commands).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Economic Choice as an Untangling of Options into Actions

Yoo

Hayden

2018

Neuron

115

123

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SUMMARY We propose that economic choice can be understood as a gradual transformation from domain of options to one of the actions. We draw an analogy with the idea of untangling information in the form vision system and propose that form vision and economic choice may be two aspects of a larger process that sculpts actions based on sensory inputs. From this viewpoint, choice results from the accumulated effect of repetitions of simple computations. These may consist primarily of relative valuations (evaluations relative to the value of rejection, perhaps in a manner akin to divisive normalization) applied to individual offers. With regard to economic choice, cortical brain regions differ primarily in their position and in what information they prioritize, and do not—with a few exceptions—have categorically distinct roles. Each region’s specific contribution is determined largely by its inputs; thus, understanding connectivity is crucial for understanding choice. This view suggests that there is no single site of choice, that there is no meaningful distinction between pre- and post-decisionality, and that there is no explicit representation of value in the brain.

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Fetal development of the human amygdala

Mulc,

Smilović,

Krsnik

et al. 2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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The intricate development of the human amygdala involves a complex interplay of diverse processes, varying in speed and duration. In humans, transient cytoarchitectural structures deliquesce, leading to the formation of functionally distinct nuclei as a result of multiple interdependent developmental events. This study compares the amygdala's cytoarchitectural development in conjunction with specific antibody reactivity for neuronal, glial, neuropil, and radial glial fibers, synaptic, extracellular matrix, and myelin components in 39 fetal human brains. We recognized that the early fetal period, as a continuation of the embryonic period, is still dominated by relatively uniform histogenetic processes. The typical appearance of ovoid cell clusters in the lateral nucleus during midfetal period is most likely associated with the cell migration and axonal growth processes in the developing human brain. Notably, synaptic markers are firstly detected in the corticomedial group of nuclei, while immunoreactivity for the panaxonal neurofilament marker SMI 312 is found dorsally. The late fetal period is characterized by a protracted migration process evidenced by the presence of doublecortin and SOX‐2 immunoreactivity ventrally, in the prospective paralaminar nucleus, reinforced by vimentin immunoreactivity in the last remaining radial glial fibers. Nearing the term period, SMI 99 immunoreactivity indicates that perinatal myelination becomes prominent primarily along major axonal pathways, laying the foundation for more pronounced functional maturation. This study comprehensively elucidates the rate and sequence of maturational events in the amygdala, highlighting the key role of prenatal development in its behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine regulation, with subsequent implications for both normal functioning and psychiatric disorders.

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A distributed, hierarchical and recurrent framework for reward-based choice

Cited by 229 publications

References 156 publications

Opposing pupil responses to offered and anticipated reward values

Opposing pupil responses to offered and anticipated reward values

Economic Choice as an Untangling of Options into Actions

Fetal development of the human amygdala

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