A distributed plasticity model to simulate the biaxial behaviour in the nonlinear analysis of spatial framed structures

Comparison of Friction Models for the Curved Surface Sliding System in the Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Base-Isolated Buildings

“…A piecewise linearization of the axial load-biaxial bending moment ultimate domain is considered for r.c. cross-sections [22]. Moreover, a stiffnessproportional damping matrix of the superstructure is considered, by applying a viscous damping ratio S=1% to the fundamental vibration period of the base-isolated structures [8].…”

Seismic vulnerability and retrofitting by damped braces of fire-damaged r.c. framed buildings

“…The elastic-plastic solution is evaluated in terms of the initial state and the incremental load on the basis of a holonomic law, as a solution of the Haar-Kàrmàn principle [39,40]. The numerical implementation of the Haar-Kàrmàn principle turns out to be computationally effective because it is carried out separately for each beam element of the structure.…”

Seismic Vulnerability in Case of Fire of Existing R.C. Framed Buildings: Modelling and Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

“…The effect of the axial load on the ultimate bending moment of the columns is also considered. At each step of the analysis, the elastic-plastic solution is evaluated in terms of the initial state and the incremental load on the basis of a holonomic law, as a solution of the Haar-Kàrmàn principle [20][21][22]. In the Rayleigh hypothesis, the damping matrix of the framed structure is assumed to be a linear combination of the mass and stiffness matrices, assuming a damping ratio of 5% with reference to the frequencies of the second and sixth vibration modes in the Y direction (see Table 1).…”