A distributed stream temperature model using high resolution temperature observations

Westhoff, Martijn; Savenije, H. H. G.; Luxemburg, W. M. J.; Stelling, Guus S.; Giesen, Nick van de; Selker, John S.; Pfister, Lena; Uhlenbrook, Stefan

doi:10.5194/hessd-4-125-2007

Cited by 83 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Based on the observed temperature profiles, Schmidt et al (2006) The observed spatial heterogeneity was assumed by Kalbus et al (2008a,b) to result from the permeability distribution of the connected aquifer. Even though observed streambed temperatures are temporally highly variable (e.g., Westhoff et al, 2007), the temperature distribution observed at a certain point in time is a consequence of the spatial distribution of subsurface permeabilities and the head and temperature gradient between groundwater and stream at the time of observation. As long as the temperature observations are recorded at a sufficient depth below the streambed surface, they are not influenced by diurnal temperature oscillations in the surface water and the system can be considered to be at a quasi-steady state for the short duration of observation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aquifer and streambed heterogeneity on the distribution of groundwater discharge

Kalbus

Schmidt

Molson

et al. 2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

121

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Abstract. The spatial distribution of groundwater fluxes through a streambed can be highly variable, most often resulting from a heterogeneous distribution of aquifer and streambed permeabilities along the flow pathways. Using a groundwater flow and heat transport model, we defined four scenarios of aquifer and streambed permeability distributions to simulate and assess the impact of subsurface heterogeneity on the distribution of groundwater fluxes through the streambed: (a) a homogeneous low-K streambed within a heterogeneous aquifer; (b) a heterogeneous streambed within a homogeneous aquifer; (c) a well connected heterogeneous low-K streambed within a heterogeneous aquifer; and (d) a poorly connected heterogeneous low-K streambed within a heterogeneous aquifer. The simulation results were compared with a base case scenario, in which the streambed had the same properties as the aquifer, and with observed data. The results indicated that the aquifer has a stronger influence on the distribution of groundwater fluxes through the streambed than the streambed itself. However, a homogeneous low-K streambed, a case often implemented in regional-scale groundwater flow models, resulted in a strong homogenization of fluxes, which may have important implications for the estimation of peak mass flows. The flux distributions simulated with heterogeneous low-K streambeds were similar to the flux distributions of the base case sceCorrespondence to: E. Kalbus (edda.kalbus@web.de) nario, despite the lower permeability. The representation of heterogeneous distributions of aquifer and streambed properties in the model has been proven to be beneficial for the accuracy of flow simulations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of aquifer and streambed heterogeneity on the distribution of groundwater discharge

Kalbus

Schmidt

Molson

et al. 2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

121

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“…Additionally, these DTS data have been used to quantify groundwater inflows in streams [Selker et al, 2006b], test temperature model predictions [Westhoff et al, 2007], measure snowpack base temperatures , and measure the groundwater component of a tidal system on a salt marsh [Moffett et al, 2008]. Many of the current applications in surface water have been conducted in water bodies where the effects of solar radiation may not be a concern (e.g., lake bottoms).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar radiative heating of fiber‐optic cables used to monitor temperatures in water

Neilson

Hatch

Ban

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

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[1] In recent years, applications of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) have increased in number and diversity. Because fiber-optic cables used for DTS are typically sheathed in dark UV-resistant materials, the question arises as to how shortwave solar radiation penetrating a water column influences the accuracy of absolute DTS-derived temperatures in aquatic applications. To quantify these effects, we completed a modeling effort that accounts for the effects of radiation and convection on a submersed cable to predict when solar heating may be important. Results indicate that for cables installed at shallow depths in clear, low-velocity water bodies, measurable heating of the cable is likely during peak solar radiation. However, at higher velocities, increased turbidity and/or greater depths, the effects of solar heating are immeasurable. A field study illustrated the effects of solar radiation by installing two types of fiber-optic cable at multiple water depths (from 0.05 to 0.8 m) in the center and along the sidewall of a trapezoidal canal. Thermistors were installed at similar depths and shielded from solar radiation to record absolute water temperatures. During peak radiation, thermistor data showed small temperature differences (∼0.003°C-0.04°C) between depths suggesting minor thermal stratification in the canal center. DTS data from cables at these same depths show differences of 0.01°C-0.17°C. The DTS differences cannot be explained by stratification alone and are likely evidence of additional heating from solar radiation. Sidewall thermistor strings also recorded stratification. However, corresponding DTS data suggested that bed conduction overwhelmed the effects of solar radiation.

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“…An energy balance approach model, after Westhoff et al (30), is used to simulate the temperature in the stream. The model takes into account the following fluxes: solar radiation, longwave radiation, streambed conduction, latent heat (evaporation), and sensible heat (convection).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream Temperature Response to Three Riparian Vegetation Scenarios by Use of a Distributed Temperature Validated Model

Roth

Westhoff

Huwald

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Elevated in-stream temperature has led to a surge in the occurrence of parasitic intrusion proliferative kidney disease and has resulted in fish kills throughout Switzerland's waterways. Data from distributed temperature sensing (DTS) in-stream measurements for three cloud-free days in August 2007 over a 1260 m stretch of the Boiron de Morges River in southwest Switzerland were used to calibrate and validate a physically based one-dimensional stream temperature model. Stream temperature response to three distinct riparian conditions were then modeled: open, in-stream reeds, and forest cover. Simulation predicted a mean peak stream temperature increase of 0.7°C if current vegetation was removed, an increase of 0.1°C if dense reeds covered the entire stream reach, and a decrease of 1.2°C if a mature riparian forest covered the entire reach. Understanding that full vegetation canopy cover is the optimal riparian management option for limiting stream temperature, in-stream reeds, which require no riparian setaside and grow very quickly, appear to provide substantial thermal control, potentially useful for land-use management.

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A distributed stream temperature model using high resolution temperature observations

Cited by 83 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of aquifer and streambed heterogeneity on the distribution of groundwater discharge

Influence of aquifer and streambed heterogeneity on the distribution of groundwater discharge

Solar radiative heating of fiber‐optic cables used to monitor temperatures in water

Stream Temperature Response to Three Riparian Vegetation Scenarios by Use of a Distributed Temperature Validated Model

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