A divergent Cardinium found in daddy long-legs (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Chang, Jin; Masters, Amber; Avery, Amanda; Werren, John H.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2010.05.017

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This diverse genus has been subdivided into 11 “supergroups” (A-K) on the basis of molecular phylogenetic analysis [8-13]. Cardinium was more recently discovered and has so far been found in 6-7% of all arthropods, though seems to be more common in Chelicerates than in insects [2,14-18]. Wolbachia and Cardinium have been found co-infecting the same host species [2,15,17-21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites

et al. 2012

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BackgroundWolbachia and Cardinium are endosymbiotic bacteria infecting many arthropods and manipulating host reproduction. Although these bacteria are maternally transmitted, incongruencies between phylogenies of host and parasite suggest an additional role for occasional horizontal transmission. Consistent with this view is the strong evidence for recombination in Wolbachia, although it is less clear to what extent recombination drives diversification within single host species and genera. Furthermore, little is known concerning the population structures of other insect endosymbionts which co-infect with Wolbachia, such as Cardinium. Here, we explore Wolbachia and Cardinium strain diversity within nine spider mite species (Tetranychidae) from 38 populations, and quantify the contribution of recombination compared to point mutation in generating Wolbachia diversity.ResultsWe found a high level of genetic diversity for Wolbachia, with 36 unique strains detected (64 investigated mite individuals). Sequence data from four Wolbachia genes suggest that new alleles are 7.5 to 11 times more likely to be generated by recombination than point mutation. Consistent with previous reports on more diverse host samples, our data did not reveal evidence for co-evolution of Wolbachia with its host. Cardinium was less frequently found in the mites, but also showed a high level of diversity, with eight unique strains detected in 15 individuals on the basis of only two genes. A lack of congruence among host and Cardinium phylogenies was observed.ConclusionsWe found a high rate of recombination for Wolbachia strains obtained from host species of the spider mite family Tetranychidae, comparable to rates found for horizontally transmitted bacteria. This suggests frequent horizontal transmission of Wolbachia and/or frequent horizontal transfer of single genes. Our findings strengthens earlier reports of recombination for Wolbachia, and shows that high recombination rates are also present on strains from a restrictive host range. Cardinium was found co-infecting several spider mite species, and phylogenetic comparisons suggest also horizontal transmission of Cardinium among hosts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites

et al. 2012

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“…More recently, a further reproductive parasite, Cardinium hertigii (Bacteroidetes) , has been described. Cardinium infections were first observed in ticks (Kurtti et al 1996), and are found in a wide range of spiders, mites, and other arachnids Chigira and Miura 2005;Groot and Breeuwer 2006;Enigl and Schausberger 2007;Duron et al 2008b;Gruwell et al 2009;Martin and Goodacre 2009;Chang et al 2010;Breeuwer et al 2012). Although this microbe seems to be more common in arachnids, it is also known to infect insects Provencher et al 2005;Bigliardi et al 2006;Marzorati et al 2006;Sirviö and Pamilo 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and Phylogeny of Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) in Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Gruwell

Normark

2009

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

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Species of Cardinium are intracellular endosymbionts of arthropods. They are known to interfere with the mode of reproduction in some parasitoid wasp and mite hosts, and they are associated with parthenogenesis in the oleander scale, Aspidiotus nerii Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Here, we survey A. nerii more broadly for presence of Cardinium species. In total, we tested 593 individuals in 301 populations, representing 132 identified species of armored scale insects, by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of 16S rDNA. We obtained positive PCR results in 67 individuals of 34 populations, representing 20 species and one unidentified individual. Sequencing of these PCR products yields 20 new Cardinium haplotypes, raising the number of known insect-associated Cardinium haplotypes from 15 to 35. The new host-list elucidates the ecology of Cardinium, which in insects seems to be specialized on plant-feeding Hemiptera and associated parasitoid Hymenoptera. A phylogenetic analysis of all known insect-associated Cardinium 16S sequences reveals deep diversity in armored scale insects and implies horizontal transfer of Cardinium among armored scale insects and their parasitoids.

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“…For example, Wolbachia infections can increase resistance to viruses in Aedes aegypti (Bian et al 2010), and Rickettsia infection can hamper long-range dispersal behavior in a spider (Goodacre et al 2009). Another area worthy of investigation is what happens when hosts harbor multiple infections (see Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, a further reproductive parasite, Cardinium hertigii (Bacteroidetes) (Zchori-Fein et al 2004), has been described. Cardinium infections were first observed in ticks (Kurtti et al 1996), and are found in a wide range of spiders, mites, and other arachnids (Zchori-Fein and Perlman 2004; Chigira and Miura 2005; Groot and Breeuwer 2006; Enigl and Schausberger 2007; Duron et al 2008b; Gruwell et al 2009; Martin and Goodacre 2009; Chang et al 2010; Breeuwer et al 2012). Although this microbe seems to be more common in arachnids, it is also known to infect insects (Zchori-Fein and Perlman 2004; Provencher et al 2005; Bigliardi et al 2006; Marzorati et al 2006; Sirviö and Pamilo 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections with the MicrobeCardiniumin the Dolichopodidae and Other Empidoidea

Martin

Puniamoorthy

Gubler

et al. 2013

Journal of Insect Science

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Maternally transmitted reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia and Cardinium can drastically reshape reproduction in their hosts. Beyond skewing sex ratios towards females, these microbes can also cause cytoplasmic incompatibility. Wolbachia probably infects two thirds of insects, but far less is known about the occurrence or action of other bacteria with potentially similar effects. In contrast with the two more widespread reproductive parasites, Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, far less is known of infections with Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) and possible consequences in the Diptera. Here, in an extensive survey, 244 dipteran species from 67 genera belonging to the Dolichopodidae, Empididae, and Hybotidae were assessed for the presence of the microbe Cardinium. Although 130 of the species screened tested positive (ca. 53%), the presence of Cardinium could only be confirmed in 10 species (ca. 4%) based on analysis of sequences. Numerous additional sequences were found to be assignable to known or unknown Bacteroidetes.Considering the known issues concerning specificity of Cardinium primers and the phylogenetic uncertainties surrounding this microbe, the actual prevalence of this symbiont is worthy of further scrutiny. Potential directions for future research on Cardinium-host interactions in Diptera and in general are discussed.

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A divergent Cardinium found in daddy long-legs (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites

Diversity and recombination in Wolbachia and Cardinium from Bryobia spider mites

Diversity and Phylogeny of Cardinium (Bacteroidetes) in Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

Infections with the MicrobeCardiniumin the Dolichopodidae and Other Empidoidea

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