A DNA test to sex most birds

Griffiths, Richard; Double, Mike; Orr, Kate J.; Dawson, Robert J. G.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00389.x

Cited by 2,831 publications

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“…The molecular 181 technique described by Griffiths et al (1998) their host specificities in other parts of their distributions to evaluate if generalist lineages globally 278 act in the same way on Tenerife. Here, we predict that generalist lineages will also be generalists on 279…”

Section: Molecular Procedures 180mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the distribution of haemosporidian parasites within an oceanic island

Padilla

Illera

González-Quevedo

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology

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20Understanding how different ecological and evolutionary processes influence the distribution of 21 pathogens within the environment is important from many perspectives, including for wildlife 22 epidemiology, evolutionary ecology and conservation. The simultaneous use of ecological and 23 evolutionary frameworks together can enhance our conceptual understanding of host-parasite 24 interactions, however such studies are rare in the wild. Using samples from 12 bird species caught 25 across all habitats existing on an oceanic island, we evaluated how environmental variables, parasites 26 host specificity, and parasite phylogenetic relationships determine the distribution and prevalence of 27 haemosporidians (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon) in the wild living avifauna. 28Differences were found in the prevalence of Plasmodium, but not Leucocytozoon, strains between 29 habitats. The warmest temperature best predicted Plasmodium prevalence in the low altitude habitats, 30 which had the highest incidence of Plasmodium. The prevalence of Leucocytozoon lineages was 31 associated with natural factors, i.e. rainfall, temperature and habitat, but the two most important 32 predictors (from model averaging) for models of Leucocytozoon were anthropogenic: poultry farms 33 and distance to a water reservoir. We found no relationship between local (Tenerife) versus global 34 host range indexes (which assess the diversity of hosts that a parasite is observed to infect), thus 35 global generalist lineages do not behave in the same way on Tenerife (i.e. they infected less avian 36 hosts than was expected). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the most abundant haemosporidians on 37Tenerife grouped with lineages found in African host species. Our data indicate that climatic and 38 anthropogenic factors, plus proximity to the African mainland, are the main factors influencing the 39 presence and distribution of avian haemosporidians on Tenerife. Future climate projections for the 40 archipelago foresee significant temperature increases, which would, given our results, increase rates 41 of Plasmodium infection in bird species in all habitats. Such patterns could be of concern if they 42 increase mortality rates in the unique avifauna of these islands. 43 44

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Section: Molecular Procedures 180mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the distribution of haemosporidian parasites within an oceanic island

Padilla

Illera

González-Quevedo

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…Adult Gouldian finches were sexed by plumage; however, the other two species are not reliably sexed by physical characteristics. Therefore, following Griffiths et al (1998), a subset of adult long-tailed (149) and masked finches (102) sampled during the first year of the study were sexed using molecular methods from whole blood. Time constraints did not allow for all individuals to be sexed, thus sample sizes for analyses of the effects of sex on stress and condition indices are smaller than the total number of birds captured.…”

Section: Finch Capture and Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal stress physiology and body condition differ among co-occurring tropical finch species

et al. 2013

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Seasonal changes in avian hormonal stress responses and condition are well known for common species found at temperate and arctic latitudes, but declining and tropical species are poorly studied. This study compares stress and condition measures of co-occurring declining and non-declining tropical grass finch species in Australia. We monitored declining Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) and non-declining long-tailed and masked finches (Poepila acuticauda and P. personata) during two seasons that are potentially stressful: peak breeding (early dry season when food is plentiful) and moult (late dry to early wet season when food may be scarce). We measured body condition (muscle and fat), haematocrit, and stress response to capture using plasma corticosterone and binding globulin concentrations. All species had higher muscle and lower fat indices during breeding than moult. Haematocrit did not consistently differ between seasons. Long-tailed finches had higher stress responses during breeding than moult, similar to other passerines studied. Masked finches showed no seasonal changes in stress response. Gouldian finches had stress response patterns opposite to those of long-tailed finches, with higher stress responses during moult. However, seasonal trends in Gouldian and long-tailed finch stress responses sometimes differed between years or sites. The differences in stress response patterns between species suggest that the declining Gouldian finch is more sensitive to recent environmental changes which are thought to further reduce grass seed food resources during the late dry to early wet season. Retention of stress responsiveness during a protracted moult could increase the survival potential of Gouldian finches. This study highlights the utility of stress and condition indices to determine the sensitivity of co-occurring species to environmental conditions. This study compares stress and condition measures of co-occurring declining and non-declining tropical grass-finch species in Australia. We monitored declining Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae) and non-declining long-tailed and masked finches (Poepila acuticauda and P. personata) during two seasons that are potentially stressful: peak breeding (early dry season when food is plentiful) and moult (late dry to early wet season when food may be scarce). We measured body condition (muscle and fat), haematocrit, and stress response to capture using plasma corticosterone and binding globulin concentrations. All species had higher muscle and lower fat indices during breeding than moult. Haematocrit did not consistently differ between seasons. Long-tailed finches had higher stress responses during breeding than moult, similar to other passerines studied. Masked finches showed no seasonal changes in stress response. Gouldian finches had stress response patterns opposite to those of long-tailed finches, with higher stress responses during moult.However, seasonal trends in Gouldian and long-tailed finch stress responses sometimes differed between years or ...

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“…Subsequently 2 ll of the extracted DNA solution was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify part of the CHD-W gene in females and the CHD-Z gene in both sexes (see Griffiths et al, 1998). The amplified products were separated on 2.5% agarose gels containing 0.005% ethidiumbromide for staining and visualized under UV light.…”

Section: Molecular Sexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal androgens in egg yolks: relation with sex, incubation time and embryonic growth

Eising

Müller

Dijkstra

et al. 2003

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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A DNA test to sex most birds

Cited by 2,831 publications

References 10 publications

Factors affecting the distribution of haemosporidian parasites within an oceanic island

Factors affecting the distribution of haemosporidian parasites within an oceanic island

Seasonal stress physiology and body condition differ among co-occurring tropical finch species

Maternal androgens in egg yolks: relation with sex, incubation time and embryonic growth

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