A Double-Blind Comparison of Nimesulide and Mefenamic Acid in the Treatment of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Salzberg, R; Giambonini, S.; Maurizio, M.; Roulet, Daniel de; Zahn, Jeffrey; Monti, T

doi:10.2165/00003495-199300461-00053

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The fenamates/fenamic acids mefenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, and niflumic acid have traditionally been used for relief of pain and fever in children in several European countries, and mefenamic acid is still quite popular in Switzerland. Some evidence on their pharmacology in children was generated in the 1970s-1990s but more recent data are lacking [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62].…”

Section: Fenamatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of NSAIDs in Infants: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature of the Past 20 Years

Ziesenitz

Welzel²,

Dyk³

et al. 2022

Pediatr Drugs

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in infants, children, and adolescents worldwide; however, despite sufficient evidence of the beneficial effects of NSAIDs in children and adolescents, there is a lack of comprehensive data in infants. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the safety and efficacy of various NSAIDs used in infants for which data are available, and includes ibuprofen, dexibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, ketorolac, indomethacin, niflumic acid, meloxicam, celecoxib, parecoxib, rofecoxib, acetylsalicylic acid, and nimesulide. The efficacy of NSAIDs has been documented for a variety of conditions, such as fever and pain. NSAIDs are also the main pillars of anti-inflammatory treatment, such as in pediatric inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Limited data are available on the safety of most NSAIDs in infants. Adverse drug reactions may be renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, or immunologic. Since NSAIDs are among the most frequently used drugs in the pediatric population, safety and efficacy studies can be performed as part of normal clinical routine, even in young infants. Available data sources, such as (electronic) medical records, should be used for safety and efficacy analyses. On a larger scale, existing data sources, e.g. adverse drug reaction programs/networks, spontaneous national reporting systems, and electronic medical records should be assessed with childspecific methods in order to detect safety signals pertinent to certain pediatric age groups or disease entities. To improve the safety of NSAIDs in infants, treatment needs to be initiated with the lowest age-appropriate or weight-based dose. Duration of treatment and amount of drug used should be regularly evaluated and maximum dose limits and other recommendations by the manufacturer or expert committees should be followed. Treatment for non-chronic conditions such as fever and acute (postoperative) pain should be kept as short as possible. Patients with chronic conditions should be regularly monitored for possible adverse effects of NSAIDs.

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Section: Fenamatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of NSAIDs in Infants: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature of the Past 20 Years

Ziesenitz

Welzel²,

Dyk³

et al. 2022

Pediatr Drugs

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“…The use of steam inhalation, vitamin C, zinc and echinacea for upper RTI, has been well summarized in the evidence based medicine publication 'Clinical Evidence' [100], which described little benefit, if any, for symptomatic relief of cough for adults and children. A single randomized controlled trial described that treatment with nimesulide, resulted in a clinically significant improvement in cough and other signs and symptoms observed (rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, pharyngeal redness, swelling of lymph nodes) [101].…”

Section: Over the Counter (Otc) Cough Medicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the Cough Spectrum and Reviewing the Evidence for Treating Non-Specific Cough in Children

Chang

2005

CPR

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Cough is the most common presenting symptom to medical practitioners to the USA and Australia. Worldwide, the desire to reduce the impact of the symptom of cough is reflected in the billions of dollars spent on over the counter cough medications. Easy to apply and clinically relevant definitions of cough are necessary for effective communication and to progress clinical research. Based on current data, pediatric cough definitions have been formulated on timeframe (acute and chronic), clinical cough characteristics (dry vs wet/productive and classical recognizable cough sounds) and suggestive broad underlying etiology categories (expected cough, specific cough, non-specific cough and protracted bronchitis). These definitions are distinct from adult definitions, as many of adult-type aspects of cough cannot be applied to young children. With the lack of pediatric data, adult data is often inappropriately extrapolated to children.In the second part of this paper, the evidence for and against the use of the various pharmaceuticals (such as OTC medications, antimicrobials, treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and asthma) for cough in children are reviewed. The utility of 'time to response' is important in the management of cough in children to minimize possible associated morbidity of the therapies for non-specific cough.

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Adjunctive Use of Rifampin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Perlroth

Kuo²,

Tan³

et al. 2008

Arch Intern Med

204

129

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus causes severe lifethreatening infections and has become increasingly common, particularly methicillin-resistant strains. Rifampin is often used as adjunctive therapy to treat S aureus infections, but there have been no systematic investigations examining the usefulness of such an approach. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to identify in vitro, animal, and human investigations that compared single antibiotics alone and in combination with rifampin therapy against S aureus.Results: The methods of in vitro studies varied substantially among investigations. The effect of rifampin therapy was often inconsistent, it did not necessarily correlate with in vivo investigations, and findings seemed heavily dependent on the method used. In addition, the quality of data reporting in these investigations was often suboptimal. Animal studies tended to show a microbiologic ben-efit of adjunctive rifampin use, particularly in osteomyelitis and infected foreign body infection models; however, many studies failed to show a benefit of adjunctive therapy. Few human studies have addressed the role of adjunctive rifampin therapy. Adjunctive therapy seems most promising for the treatment of osteomyelitis and prosthetic device-related infections, although studies were typically underpowered and benefits were not always seen. Conclusions:In vitro results of interactions between rifampin and other antibiotics are method dependent and often do not correlate with in vivo findings. Adjunctive rifampin use seems promising in the treatment of clinical hardware infections or osteomyelitis, but more definitive data are lacking. Given the increasing incidence of S aureus infections, further adequately powered investigations are needed.

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A Double-Blind Comparison of Nimesulide and Mefenamic Acid in the Treatment of Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Efficacy and Safety of NSAIDs in Infants: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature of the Past 20 Years

Efficacy and Safety of NSAIDs in Infants: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature of the Past 20 Years

Defining the Cough Spectrum and Reviewing the Evidence for Treating Non-Specific Cough in Children

Adjunctive Use of Rifampin for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections

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