A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

Dawkins, Lynne; Powell, J. Enoch; West, Robert; Powell, John; Pickering, Alan D.

doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0634-6

Cited by 77 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The lack of correlation between smoking history and medication effect is important as impairments in inhibitory function resulting from frontostriatal dysfunction have been described in chronic drug abuse (Jentsch and Taylor, 1999;Volkow et al, 2004). Furthermore, in a recent study in smokers without psychiatric disorder, smoking abstinence resulted in impairments in response inhibition that were reversed by nicotine administration (Dawkins et al, 2007). The lack of correlation between smoking history and medication effect suggests that the effect of nicotine on response inhibition in schizophrenia is unlikely to be explained by a greater number of ex-smokers compared with controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Barr

Culhane

Jubelt

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

215

151

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Abundant evidence indicates that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system is integral to regulation of attentional processes and is dysregulated in schizophrenia. Nicotinic agonists may have potential for the treatment of cognitive impairment in this disease. This study investigated the effects of transdermal nicotine on attention in individuals with schizophrenia (n ¼ 28) and healthy controls (n ¼ 32). All participants were nonsmokers in order to eliminate confounding effects of nicotine withdrawal and reinstatement that may occur in the study of smokers. Subjects received 14 mg transdermal nicotine and identical placebo in a randomized, placebocontrolled, crossover design. A cognitive battery was conducted before and 3 h after each patch application. The primary outcome measure was performance on the Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) Version. Nicotine significantly improved the performance on the CPT-IP as measured by hit reaction time, hit reaction time standard deviation and random errors in both groups. In addition, nicotine reduced commission errors on the CPT-IP and improved the performance on a Card Stroop task to a greater extent in those with schizophrenia vs controls. In summary, nicotine improved attentional performance in both groups and was associated with greater improvements in inhibition of impulsive responses in subjects with schizophrenia. These results confirm previous findings that a single dose of nicotine improves attention and suggest that nicotine may specifically improve response inhibition in nonsmokers with schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Barr

Culhane

Jubelt

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

215

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, nicotine has been shown to decrease inhibitory failures on the antisaccade task compared to placebo (Larrison, Briand, and Sereno, 2004), especially in regular smokers following a period of abstinence (Dawkins et al, 2007;Powell, Dawkins, and Davis, 2002). Similarly, amphetamine decreased inhibition errors on the antisaccade task in a group of healthy controls (Allman, 2010), and methylphenidate did the same in a sample of young adults with ADHD (Klein, Fischer, Fischer, and Hartnegg, 2002).…”

Section: Examination Of Acute Drug Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Inhibition and Addiction

Fillmore¹,

Weafer²

2013

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology

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“…Dawkins et al 2007) that cognitive impairments in smokers should be most readily observable during abstinence when background neurotransmitter levels (e.g. dopamine, acetylcholine) are low, compared to after recent nicotine ingestion when neurotransmitter release is stimulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 This has been demonstrated using a number of different paradigms, including retrieval induced forgetting (Edginton and Rusted 2003), the antisaccade task (Dawkins et al 2007), the n-back task (Ernst et al 2001) and most recently by Dawkins et al (2012) using the Trigram working memory task in which the nicotine e-cigarette improved performance when the demands of the task increased, stretching resources. Nevertheless, this conclusion remains speculative pending replication of this study, utilizing more effortful ongoing tasks in order to reduce the high scores observed on the event-based tasks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine derived from the electronic cigarette improves time-based prospective memory in abstinent smokers

2013

Self Cite

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Rationale: It is well-established that nicotine improves, and deprivation impairs, cognitive performance and mood in smokers. Prospective memory (PM), remembering to execute a delayed intention at a given time point, is under-explored in smokers. Whilst a handful of studies have shown improved PM with nicotine, effects of nicotine delivered via the electronic cigarette have not been investigated.Objective: This study explores whether, by comparison with placebo, nicotine delivered via the e-cigarette can improve PM, tobacco withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke in abstinent smokers.Methods: Twenty smokers, abstinent for 8-10 hours, each completed two experimental sessions under nicotine (18mg) and placebo (0mg) e-cigarette conditions. Participants completed a single-item desire to smoke scale and the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS). PM was measured using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT).Results: Compared with placebo, the nicotine e-cigarette reduced desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and improved time-based but not event-based PM. There was a moderate, marginally significant negative correlation between PM performance during abstinence and nicotine dependence.Conclusions: This is the first study to show that nicotine derived via e-cigarette can improve PM in abstinent smokers suggesting efficient nicotine delivery. That the effect of nicotine was restricted to time-based rather than event-based PM is consistent with the view that nicotine acts to improve performance on strategic (effortful) rather than automatic processing. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that the e-cigarette can replace some of the effects of nicotine derived from tobacco smoking thus highlighting its potential for smoking cessation.

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A double-blind placebo-controlled experimental study of nicotine: II—Effects on response inhibition and executive functioning

Cited by 77 publications

References 58 publications

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Behavioral Inhibition and Addiction

Nicotine derived from the electronic cigarette improves time-based prospective memory in abstinent smokers

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