A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Kolida, Sofía; Meyer, D.; Gibson, Glenn R.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602636

Cited by 149 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The lowest dosage showing a bifidogenic effect was 5 g/day for inulin (Bouhnik et al, 2007;Kolida et al, 2007) and oligofructose (Menne et al, 2000;Rao, 2001) and 9 g/day for long-chain inulin (Harmsen et al, 2002). As a bifidogenic effect is also found with short-chain FOS from sucrose (for example, see Bouhnik et al, 2006), it seems to be independent of chain length.…”

Section: Adult Participantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Roberfroid et al (1998) argued that the daily dose is not a determinant of the prebiotic effect, but the magnitude of the bifidogenic effect is mainly influenced by the number of bifidobacteria present in the colon before supplementation with the prebiotic begins. This seems to be the case in many studies with adult volunteers (Roberfroid et al, 1998;Tuohy et al, 2001a;Kolida et al, 2007;De Preter et al, 2008b) and infants (Kim et al, 2007;Yap et al, 2008). This phenomenon may explain why in a few studies no bifidogenic effects were observed, for instance, in a study using 10 g/day long-chain inulin (Bouhnik et al, 2004), whereas another study did show such an effect at 9 g/day of the same type of fructan (Harmsen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Adult Participantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In these studies, changes in composition were detected both with classical plate-counting techniques (for example, see Bouhnik et al, 2007) and with modern techniques based on reverse transcriptase PCR (for example, see ten Bruggencate et al, 2006) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (for example, see Kolida et al, 2007). The results are given for three groups: (a) infants, (b) adult participants and (c) elderly people (aged 65 and above).…”

Section: Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Meyer¹,

2009

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The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose is now well established in various studies, not only in adult participants but also in other age groups. This bifidogenic shift in the composition of the colonic microbiota is likely the basis for the impact of these prebiotic compounds on various parameters of colonic function. Mainly from animal and in vitro studies and also from some human trials, there are indications, for instance, that inulin-type fructans may reduce the production of potentially toxic metabolites and may induce important immune-mediated effects. This review discusses how these changes in the composition and activity of the colonic microbiota may affect gut health in healthy people, including in those who may experience some form of gastrointestinal discomfort.

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Section: Adult Participantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Adult Participantsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Microbiota Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Meyer¹,

2009

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“…Diet has been demonstrated to be a strong predictor of intestinal microbiota composition (7,36) and may accordingly be the primary link between host macroecological state and community composition. Specifically, diets that provide a surplus of nutrients preferred by a subset of the community will increase the abundance of those species, in accordance with a habitat-filtering process (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic modeling of species interaction in the human microbiome elucidates community-level assembly rules

Levy

Borenstein

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

372

377

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The human microbiome plays a key role in human health and is associated with numerous diseases. Metagenomic-based studies are now generating valuable information about the composition of the microbiome in health and in disease, demonstrating nonneutral assembly processes and complex co-occurrence patterns. However, the underlying ecological forces that structure the microbiome are still unclear. Specifically, compositional studies alone with no information about mechanisms of interaction, potential competition, or syntrophy, cannot clearly distinguish habitat-filtering and species assortment assembly processes. To address this challenge, we introduce a computational framework, integrating metagenomic-based compositional data with genome-scale metabolic modeling of species interaction. We use in silico metabolic network models to predict levels of competition and complementarity among 154 microbiome species and compare predicted interaction measures to species co-occurrence. Applying this approach to two large-scale datasets describing the composition of the gut microbiome, we find that species tend to co-occur across individuals more frequently with species with which they strongly compete, suggesting that microbiome assembly is dominated by habitat filtering. Moreover, species' partners and excluders exhibit distinct metabolic interaction levels. Importantly, we show that these trends cannot be explained by phylogeny alone and hold across multiple taxonomic levels. Interestingly, controlling for host health does not change the observed patterns, indicating that the axes along which species are filtered are not fully defined by macroecological host states. The approach presented here lays the foundation for a reverse-ecology framework for addressing key questions concerning the assembly of host-associated communities and for informing clinical efforts to manipulate the microbiome.T he human body is home to numerous microbial species and several complex microbial ecosystems. Advances in sequencing technologies and metagenomics now allow researchers to characterize the composition of species that inhabit the human body and the variation these communities exhibit in health and in disease (1-3). Specifically, recent studies of the microbiome have found tremendous variation among healthy individuals (1) and demonstrated clear associations between species composition and several host phenotypes including obesity (4, 5), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (2), and diabetes (6), as well as with external factors such as diet (7). These studies further demonstrated that, as in many other ecosystems, the composition of species in the microbiome exhibits distinct patterns that clearly deviate from a random distribution. For example, species composition in the human microbiome exhibits a significant checkerboard pattern, indicating pairs of taxa that exclude one another from shared environments (8, 9). These patterns are similar to those seen in macroecological communities, suggesting that similar pressures may act upon such m...

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“…In these studies, the doses of "native chicory inulin" used ranged from 12 to 40 g/day and the dose of chicory inulin was 15 g/day. In two studies (three arms), administration of doses from 5 to 8 g/day did not affect stool frequency (Bouhnik et al, 2007;Kolida et al, 2007). No adverse effects were reported in any of the studies mentioned above.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “native chicory inulin” and maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency pursuant to Article 13.5 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Products¹

2015

EFSA Journal

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Following an application from BENEO‐Orafti S.A., submitted pursuant to Article 13.5 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Belgium, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to “native chicory inulin” and maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency. The food constituent that is a subject of a claim is “native chicory inulin”. The Panel considers that “native chicory inulin”, a non‐fractionated mixture of monosaccharides (< 10%), disaccharides, inulin‐type fructans and inulin extracted from chicory, with a mean DP ≥ 9, is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect. The Panel considers that maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency (provided that it does not result in diarrhoea) is a beneficial physiological effect. Six studies involving 86 subjects consistently showed that consumption of “native chicory inulin” at an amount of at least 12 g/day increases stool frequency. The Panel also notes the plausible mechanisms by which inulin and inulin‐type fructans in “native chicory inulin” could exert the claimed effect. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of “native chicory inulin” and maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency. The following wording reflects the scientific evidence: “Chicory inulin contributes to maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency”. In order to obtain the claimed effect, 12 g of “native chicory inulin” should be consumed daily.

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A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Cited by 149 publications

References 27 publications

The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health

Metabolic modeling of species interaction in the human microbiome elucidates community-level assembly rules

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “native chicory inulin” and maintenance of normal defecation by increasing stool frequency pursuant to Article 13.5 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

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