A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of Ganoderma lucidum for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors of metabolic syndrome

Klupp, Nerida L; Kiat, Hosen; Bensoussan, Alan; Steiner, Genevieve Z.; Chang, Dennis Hsu-Tung

doi:10.1038/srep29540

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was reported that using G. lucidum (3 g/ d) for 16 weeks had no effect on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Further, consumption of G. lucidum was associated with the increased risk of a subset of mild events including headache, fatigue, and gastrointestinal events (Klupp et al, 2016).…”

Section: In Vivo Preclinical Evaluation Of G Lucidummentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Eighty-four volunteers with T2DM and metabolic syndrome were supplemented with extracts of G. lucidum, G. lucidum with Cordyceps sinensis, or placebo in order to manage cardiovascular risk factors. Results from the study evidenced that G. lucidum failed to provide benefit against CVDs in patients with the metabolic syndrome (Klupp et al, 2016). Likewise, the analysis of five trials (398 total volunteers), concluded that G lucidum was not effective in treating elevated BP (Klupp et al, 2015).…”

Section: In Vivo Preclinical Evaluation Of G Lucidummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ganoderma lucidum b-d-Glucan polysaccharides were also identified as the active component in the polysaccharide peptide (PsP) usually found in Ganoderma lucidum extracts. There is no agreed dosage for G. lucidum, however, commonly used doses vary between 1.5 and 9 g of dried extract per day (Klupp et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ganoderma Lucidummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

et al. 2020

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant health burden with an ever-increasing prevalence. They remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of medicinal herbs continues to be an alternative treatment approach for several diseases including CVDs. Currently, there is an unprecedented drive for the use of herbal preparations in modern medicinal systems. This drive is powered by several aspects, prime among which are their cost-effective therapeutic promise compared to standard modern therapies and the general belief that they are safe. Nonetheless, the claimed safety of herbal preparations yet remains to be properly tested. Consequently, public awareness should be raised regarding medicinal herbs safety, toxicity, potentially lifethreatening adverse effects, and possible herb-drug interactions. Over the years, laboratory data have shown that medicinal herbs may have therapeutic value in CVDs as they can interfere with several CVD risk factors. Accordingly, there have been many attempts to move studies on medicinal herbs from the bench to the bedside, in order to effectively employ herbs in CVD treatments. In this review, we introduce CVDs and their risk factors. Then we overview the use of herbs for disease treatment in general and CVDs in particular. Further, data on the ethnopharmacological therapeutic potentials and medicinal properties against CVDs of four widely used plants, namely Ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Ganoderma lucidum, and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, are gathered and reviewed. In particular, the employment of these four plants in the context of CVDs, such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and dyslipidemias has been reviewed, analyzed, and critically discussed. We also endeavor to document the recent studies aimed to dissect the cellular and molecular cardio-protective mechanisms of the four plants, using recently reported in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we reviewed and reported the results of the

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Section: In Vivo Preclinical Evaluation Of G Lucidummentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: In Vivo Preclinical Evaluation Of G Lucidummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

et al. 2020

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“…Other research showed that purified ganoderma fibrinolytic protease protected mice against thrombotic death or paralysis induced by collagen and epinephrine and also activated the partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) in rat platelets (Kumaran et al, 2011). The polysaccharide of ganoderma was also found to prolong the blood clotting and bleeding time in rats and decrease the thrombosis and fibrinogen level in blood plasma (Klupp et al, 2016). Evidence indicates that ganoderma has potential as an antithrombotic herb because of its antiplatelet activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico Approach for Anti-Thrombosis Drug Discovery: P2Y1R Structure-Based TCMs Screening

Sun

et al. 2017

Front. Pharmacol.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including thrombosis, which is induced by platelet aggregation, are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) facilitates platelet aggregation and is thus an important potential anti-thrombotic drug target. The P2Y1R protein structure contains a binding site for receptor antagonist MRS2500 within its seven-transmembrane bundle, which also provides suitable pockets for numerous other ligands to act as nucleotide antagonists of P2Y1R. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) comprises 499 Chinese Pharmacopoeia-registered herbs and the structure information for 29,384 ingredients. In silico docking of these compounds into the P2Y1R protein structure within the MRS2500 pocket can identify potential antithrombotic drugs from natural medicinal plants. Docking studies were performed and scored to evaluate ligand-binding affinities. In this study, a total of 8987 compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) were filtered by Lipinski's rule of five, and their ideal oral-intake properties were evaluated. Of these, 1656 compounds distributed in 443 herbs docked into the P2Y1R-MRS2500 structure in 16,317 poses. A total of 38 compounds were ranked with a DockScore above 70, and these may have significant potential for development into anti-thrombosis drugs. These computational results suggested that licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch), cimicifugae (Cimicifuga foetida L.), and ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum Karst) and their chemical constituents, which have not previously been widely used for anti-thrombosis, may have unexpected effects on platelet aggregation. Moreover, two types of triterpene scaffolds summarized from 10 compounds were distributed in these three herbs and also docked into P2Y1R. These scaffold structures may be utilized for the development of drugs to inhibit platelet aggregation.

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“…As a medicinal and edible fungus, G. lucidum has been used promote to health, prolong life and prevent diseases for >2,000 years (32). The major phytochemicals in G. lucidum are triterpenoids (33), which have attracted research attention as potential anti-cancer agents (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit the activation of EBV antigens as telomerase inhibitors

Zheng

Chen

2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease that threatens the health of humans. To find effective agents for the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is associated with NPC, a phytochemical investigation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out in the present study. Five triterpenoids were identified, including ganoderic acid A (compound 1), ganoderic acid B (compound 2), ganoderol B (compound 3), ganodermanontriol (compound 4), and ganodermanondiol (compound 5), on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. An inhibition of EBV antigens activation assay was implemented to elucidate the triterpenoids from G. lucidum and potentially prevent NPC. All the triterpenoids showed significant inhibitory effects on both EBV EA and CA activation at 16 nmol. At 3.2 nmol, all the compounds moderately inhibited the activation of the two antigens. The activity of telomerase was inhibited by these triterpenoids at 10 µM. Molecular docking demonstrated that compound 1 was able to inhibit telomerase as a ligand. In addition, the physicochemical properties of these compounds were calculated to elucidate their drug-like properties. These results provided evidence for the application of these triterpenoids and whole G. lucidum in the treatment of NPC. IntroductionNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent disease in southeastern Asia. In south China, it also threatens the health of humans; specifically, in the Cantonese region around Guangzhou, the incidence of NPC is 30-80 per 100,000 individuals annually (1). Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of patients with NPC, but the survival period remains low due to drug resistance and metastasis (2). Genetic predisposition, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and environmental conditions are major factors that lead to malignant transformation (3). Though the detailed etiology of NPC remains unclear, it has been demonstrated that EBV infection has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NPC through EBV-encoded latent genes (4,5). Inhibiting EBV infection may represent a promising approach to preventing NPC (6).Telomerase is a pivotal holoenzyme involved in the repair of damaged telomeres, which is the protective end of eukaryotic chromosomes, through reverse transcription (7). Cells infected by EBV will lead to telomere dysfunction, and the telomere length was increased by the active telomerase (8). Increased telomerase activity also directly affects EBV infection by facilitating potential EBV gene expression early in virus inoculation (9). Telomerase inhibition is a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer (10).Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst is a mushroom distributed in the majority of areas in southern China. It is used as a healthy food and traditional medicine for treating insomnia, amnesia, fatigue and expectoration in Chinese folklore and has been included in the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China (2015 Edition) (11). Previous phytochemical studies have elucidated that the major phytochemicals ...

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A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of Ganoderma lucidum for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors of metabolic syndrome

Cited by 54 publications

References 46 publications

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

In silico Approach for Anti-Thrombosis Drug Discovery: P2Y1R Structure-Based TCMs Screening

Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit the activation of EBV antigens as telomerase inhibitors

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