A double burial of the Baden culture from Tatabánya–Delphi (northern Transdanubia, Hungary) – A case study of the Dentalium beads of the Baden culture and their interpretation

The TRB burial site at Markowice, Poland: preliminary insights and prospects for future work

“…The stratigraphic evidence from the site indicates that three of the graves that form the burial cluster (features 615, 642 and 643) could have been framed in their upper sections with a type of timber pallet, which may explain the sharp and angular boundaries of these features. Notably, similar grave constructions are apparent in the Baden cemetery in Tatabánya-Delphi, Hungary (Horváth et al 2020). The tight arrangement of the cluster is notable (Figure 1), particularly when compared with the radiocarbon dates of two neighbouring burial pits (642 and 643), which do not overlap at 95.4% confidence.…”

“…Radiocarbon dates obtained for the two adjacent double interments are equally surprising (Figures 2 & 3), particularly pit grave 615, the flexed burial of an adult male who received a female companion at a later date. A χ 2 -test was used to check if the radiocarbon data from grave 615 can be merged, but the resulting confidence level drops below 5%, making it the first known example of a secondary TRB interment in Poland, although comparable double Baden Culture burials are known in Austria and Hungary (Horváth et al 2020).…”

“…Notably, similar grave constructions are apparent in the Baden cemetery in Tatabánya–Delphi, Hungary (Horváth et al . 2020). The tight arrangement of the cluster is notable (Figure 1), particularly when compared with the radiocarbon dates of two neighbouring burial pits (642 and 643), which do not overlap at 95.4% confidence.…”

“…Radiocarbon dates obtained for the two adjacent double interments are equally surprising (Figures 2 & 3), particularly pit grave 615, the flexed burial of an adult male who received a female companion at a later date. A χ 2 -test was used to check if the radiocarbon data from grave 615 can be merged, but the resulting confidence level drops below 5%, making it the first known example of a secondary TRB interment in Poland, although comparable double Baden Culture burials are known in Austria and Hungary (Horváth et al 2020).

Figure 2. In situ view of pit 614 at Markowice, identified as the joint burial of two adult men (photograph by M. Popińska and M. Biskup).

Figure 3. In situ view of pit 615 at Markowice, identified as the double burial of an adult man and woman (photograph by M. Popińska and M. Biskup).

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Settlement research of the Late Copper Age Baden complex in Hungary New evidence from the past two decades

“…A Boleráz pit was found during the construction of Road 89 bypassing the town (Site 2: Kőszeridűlő: Horváth, 2017b); two other pits and part of a Kostolác settlement came to light slightly north of the Boleráz pit (Site 5: Reiszig-erdő alatti dűlő: Horváth & Wild, 2017). The water washed out an assemblage of Baden vessels in a former gravel pit inside the city (Újperint: Horváth, 2017cHorváth, , 2018c.…”