A Double Dual Boost Converter with Switching Ripple Cancellation for PEMFC Systems

Abstract

This paper presents a current-based control for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell using the so-called double dual boost topology. In particular, we introduce a discrete time controller that, in coordination with a particular selection of inductors and capacitors, minimizes the switching ripple at the input port (current ripple) and the output port (voltage ripple) of the double dual boost converter. This converter has a particular characteristic, in contrast to the classical interleaved boost topology, in the double dual boost, the phases of the converter can have different duty ratios. The freedom to choose the duty ration for each phase can be used to select the operative point in which the input current is equal to zero. However, if individual controllers are used for each branch of the converter, the equilibrium after a transient can differ from the minimum ripple operation point; the proposed scheme regulates the output voltage and, at the same time, ensures the equilibrium remains in the minimum ripple operation in steady state. In this way, the converter can mitigate the harmonic distortion on the current extracted from the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency and lifetime of the cell, and on the output voltage delivered to an output direct current bus. The results of the experiment are presented to validate the principles of the proposed system.

Numerical Optimization of Switching Ripples in the Double Dual Boost Converter through the Evolutionary Algorithm L-SHADE

“…Figure 3 shows the second switching state, the equivalent circuit of the converter when the transistor is open. From Figure 3, similarly to Figure 2, the equations of the inductor voltage and capacitor current can be obtained; in this case, those equations (similar to (4)) for Figure 3 would be (5).…”

“…Ts s From Figure 3, similarly to Figure 2, the equations of the inductor voltage and capacitor current can be obtained; in this case, those equations (similar to (4)) for Figure 3 would be (5).…”

“…In Equation ( 6), the area under the curve is calculated and then divided over the total switching period Ts. From Figure 3, similarly to Figure 2, the equations of the inductor voltage and capacitor current can be obtained; in this case, those equations (similar to (4)) for Figure 3 would be (5).…”

“…The aforementioned circuit is a step-up or boost converter, their output voltage level is larger than the input, their main benefits, compared to other similar converters in the literature are: (i) it provides a larger voltage gain [3], which is a requirement in some applications, such as renewable energy generation systems, in which the output voltage from photovoltaic panels, can be in the order of 20 V dc, and the grid voltage may be 220 V ac, (ii) it has larger efficiency than the traditional boost converter, especially when the electrical current increases [3], and finally, the advantage in which this article is focused (iii) it provides a reduced variation on the state variables due the switching action of transistors, which is usually referred as switching ripple or chattering, state variables are ideally constant in steady-state, in the practice, they have a ripple caused by the switching action of transistors, and the differential equations that describes the behavior of the converter [3][4][5].…”

Optimal Design Analysis with Simulation and Experimental Performance Investigation of High-Power Density Telecom PFC Converters

“…Recently, different emerging techniques to improve the performance of the interleaved PFC converters are employed such as; the modification on the interleaved PFC circuit by connecting series capacitor to reduce the switching losses, reduced the voltage stress across the semiconductors as compared with the traditional interleaved boost converter [16], also, the proposed technology to minimize the input current ripple of the interleaved PFC converter by controlling the switching driving signals and without any change in the converter model parameter, which is presented in [17]. The digitally controlled double dual boost interleaved PFC converter with high voltage gain, small input current ripple as compared with traditional interleaved PFC converter, which is presented in [18].…”