A Double Segment Periodicity Underlies Segment Generation in Centipede Development

Chipman, Ariel D.; Arthur, Wallace; Akam, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.026

Cited by 166 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

140

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A variety of molecules active in development appear to play similar roles in the terminal addition process of short germband insects, crustaceans, and chelicerates, thus supporting homology of the terminal addition process across the arthropods (e.g., Davis and Patel 2002;Chipman et al 2004 Simonnet et al 2004). Many of these same genes appear to play a similar role in the anterior/posterior succession of somite formation, the terminal addition process evident in vertebrate development.…”

Section: Terminal Addition Was Ancestralmentioning

confidence: 81%

Terminal addition, the Cambrian radiation and the Phanerozoic evolution of bilaterian form

Jacobs

Hughes

Fitz‐Gibbon

et al. 2005

Evolution and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYWe examine terminal addition, the process of addition of serial elements in a posterior subterminal growth zone during animal development, across modern taxa and fossil material. We argue that terminal addition was the basal condition in Bilateria, and that modification of terminal addition was an important component of the rapid Cambrian evolution of novel bilaterian morphology. We categorize the often-convergent modifications of terminal addition from the presumed ancestral condition. Our focus on terminal addition and its modification highlights trends in the history of animal evolution evident in the fossil record. These trends appear to be the product of departure from the initial terminal addition state, as is evident in evolutionary patterns within-fossil groups such as trilobites, but is also more generally related to shifts in types of morphologic change through the early Phanerozoic. Our argument is contingent on dates of metazoan divergence that are roughly convergent with the first appearance of metazoan fossils in the latest Proterozoic and Cambrian, as well as on an inference of homology of terminal addition across bilaterian Metazoa.

show abstract

Section: Terminal Addition Was Ancestralmentioning

confidence: 81%

Terminal addition, the Cambrian radiation and the Phanerozoic evolution of bilaterian form

Jacobs

Hughes

Fitz‐Gibbon

et al. 2005

Evolution and Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The similarity of these phenotypes suggests that caudal genes have a common function in axis elongation and segmentation in diverse short-germ arthropods. Given that caudal is similarly expressed in short-germ insects, crustaceans, and myriapods (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), this function of caudal most probably represents an ancestral function, deriving from the common ancestor of all arthropods.…”

Section: Caudal Rnai Disrupts the Early Phase Of Segmentation And Hoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A), whereas more posterior segments are generated sequentially from a posteriorly located presegmental zone, usually referred to as the ''growth zone'' (12)(13)(14). caudal homologues have been cloned in some short-germ arthropods and found to be expressed consistently in this presegmental zone (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), but until now their function in these species had not been studied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral role of caudal genes in axis elongation and segmentation

Copf

Schröder

Averof

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

caudal (cad͞Cdx) genes are essential for the formation of posterior structures in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans, and vertebrates. In contrast to Drosophila, the majority of arthropods generate their segments sequentially from a posteriorly located growth zone, a process known as short-germ development. caudal homologues are expressed in the growth zone of diverse short-germ arthropods, but until now their functional role in these animals had not been studied. Here, we use RNA interference to examine the function of caudal genes in two short-germ arthropods, the crustacean Artemia franciscana and the beetle Tribolium castaneum. We show that, in both species, caudal is required for the formation of most body segments. In animals with reduced levels of caudal expression, axis elongation stops, resulting in severe truncations that remove most trunk segments. We also show that caudal function is required for the early phases of segmentation and Hox gene expression. The observed phenotypes suggest that in arthropods caudal had an ancestral role in axis elongation and segmentation, and was required for the formation of most body segments. Similarities to the function of vertebrate Cdx genes in the presomitic mesoderm, from which somites are generated, indicate that this role may also predate the origin of the Bilateria.caudal͞Cdx genes ͉ short-germ development ͉ Artemia ͉ Tribolium ͉ evolution T he caudal (cad͞Cdx) genes are homeobox genes involved in posterior patterning in diverse species (1-11). In early Drosophila embryos Caudal protein is distributed in a posterior to anterior concentration gradient that is needed for the activation of segmentation genes and segment formation in posterior parts of the animal. caudal mutant embryos have severe segmentation problems affecting posterior segments; in the most severely affected mutants, most abdominal segments are missing (1). This function of caudal is characteristic of long-germ development, found in Drosophila, where all of the body segments are molecularly determined during the blastoderm stage. This mode is thought to be evolutionarily derived within the higher insects and does not represent the ancestral mode of development (12). On the contrary, short-germ development is found in diverse and phylogenetically basal groups of insects and other arthropods, suggesting that this represents the ancestral mode for generating segments within the arthropods. In short-germ arthropods (which we take to include intermediate-germ species), only the most anterior segments are laid down in the blastoderm (e.g., Fig. 1A), whereas more posterior segments are generated sequentially from a posteriorly located presegmental zone, usually referred to as the ''growth zone '' (12-14). caudal homologues have been cloned in some short-germ arthropods and found to be expressed consistently in this presegmental zone (15-22), but until now their function in these species had not been studied.To explore the functional role of caudal genes in the growth zone of short-germ arthropods, we ...

show abstract

“…Typically if variation exists in segment period, it is simply a gradual decrease in segmentation rate as segmentation 'winds down' in the posterior of the embryo 6 or a brief initial period of rapid addition prior to a more regular rate 7 . A clock mechanism for regulating segmentation has recently been extended to sequentially segmenting arthropods [8][9][10][11][12][13] . Support for a clock includes a clear demonstration of molecular oscillations in the flour beetle, Trobolium casteneum 14 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing cell behaviours during beetle embryogenesis correlates with slowing of segmentation

Nakamoto

Hester²,

Constantinou

et al. 2015

Nat Commun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Segmented animals are found in major clades as phylogenetically distant as vertebrates and arthropods. Typically, segments form sequentially in what has been thought to be a regular process, relying on a segmentation clock to pattern budding segments and posterior mitosis to generate axial elongation. Here we show that segmentation in Tribolium has phases of variable periodicity during which segments are added at different rates. Furthermore, elongation during a period of rapid posterior segment addition is driven by high rates of cell rearrangement, demonstrated by differential fates of marked anterior and posterior blastoderm cells. A computational model of this period successfully reproduces elongation through cell rearrangement in the absence of cell division. Unlike current models of steady-state sequential segmentation and elongation from a proliferative growth zone, our results indicate that cell behaviours are dynamic and variable, corresponding to differences in segmentation rate and giving rise to morphologically distinct regions of the embryo.

show abstract

A Double Segment Periodicity Underlies Segment Generation in Centipede Development

Cited by 166 publications

References 17 publications

Terminal addition, the Cambrian radiation and the Phanerozoic evolution of bilaterian form

Terminal addition, the Cambrian radiation and the Phanerozoic evolution of bilaterian form

Ancestral role of caudal genes in axis elongation and segmentation

Changing cell behaviours during beetle embryogenesis correlates with slowing of segmentation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About