A Downloadable Three-Dimensional Virtual Model of the Visible Ear

Wang, Haobing; Merchant, Saumil N.; Sørensen, Mads Sølvsten

doi:10.1159/000097369

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the three ampullary and two macular branches of the vestibular nerve are all close to each other in humans [34] and even closer in small research animals. [35] Spurious stimulation of vestibular nerve branches other than the intended target can cause poor control of eye movement direction, corrupting attempts to independently control different ampullary nerves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Multichannel Semicircular Canal Neural Prosthesis Using Electrical Stimulation to Restore 3-D Vestibular Sensation

Santina

Migliaccio²,

Patel³

2007

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

150

211

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Bilateral loss of vestibular sensation can be disabling. Those afflicted suffer illusory visual field movement during head movements, chronic disequilibrium and postural instability due to failure of vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal reflexes. A neural prosthesis that emulates the normal transduction of head rotation by semicircular canals could significantly improve quality of life for these patients. Like the 3 semicircular canals in a normal ear, such a device should at least transduce 3 orthogonal (or linearly separable) components of head rotation into activity on corresponding ampullary branches of the vestibular nerve. We describe the design, circuit performance and in vivo application of a head-mounted, semi-implantable multi-channel vestibular prosthesis that encodes head movement in 3 dimensions as pulse-frequency-modulated electrical stimulation of 3 or more ampullary nerves. In chinchillas treated with intratympanic gentamicin to ablate vestibular sensation bilaterally, prosthetic stimuli elicited a partly compensatory angular vestibulo-ocular reflex in multiple planes. Minimizing misalignment between the axis of eye and head rotation, apparently caused by current spread beyond each electrode's targeted nerve branch, emerged as a key challenge. Increasing stimulation selectivity via improvements in electrode design, surgical technique and stimulus protocol will likely be required to restore AVOR function over the full range of normal behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Multichannel Semicircular Canal Neural Prosthesis Using Electrical Stimulation to Restore 3-D Vestibular Sensation

Santina

Migliaccio²,

Patel³

2007

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

150

211

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“…The authors utilized this information to report on spatial relationships within the temporal bone. Wang et al [2] created an extensive library of surfaces by combining serial, computer-assisted manual delineations of 2-D photographic images of histologically-sectioned, frozen temporal bone. Wang’s intent was to create a tool for studying anatomical relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Identification and 3D Rendering of Temporal Bone Anatomy

Noble

Dawant

Warren³

et al. 2009

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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Hypothesis Using automated methods, vital anatomy of the middle ear can be identified in CT scans and used to create 3-D renderings. Background While difficult to master, clinicians compile 2-D data from CT scans to envision 3-D anatomy. Computer programs exist which can render 3-D surfaces but are limited in that ear structures, e.g. the facial nerve, can only be visualized after time-intensive manual identification for each scan. Herein, we present results from novel computer algorithms which automatically identify temporal bone anatomy (external auditory canal, ossicles, labyrinth, facial nerve, and chorda tympani). Methods An atlas of the labyrinth, ossicles, and auditory canal was created by manually identifying the structures in a “normal” temporal bone CT scan. Using well accepted techniques, these structures were automatically identified in (n=14) unknown CT images by deforming the atlas to match the unknown volumes. Another automatic localization algorithm was implemented to identify the position of the facial nerve and chorda tympani. Results were compared to manual identification by measuring false positive and false negative error. Results The labyrinth, ossicles, and auditory canal were identified with mean errors below 0.5 mm. The mean errors in facial nerve and chorda tympani identification were below 0.3 mm. Conclusions Automated identification of temporal bone anatomy is achievable. The presented combination of techniques was successful in accurately identifying temporal bone anatomy. These results were obtained in less than 10 minutes per patient scan using standard computing equipment.

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“…A number of approaches have been presented for reconstructing and visualizing 3D models of the middle ear for education (Jun et al, 2005; Wang et al, 2007), construction of biomechanical models (Decraemer et al, 2003; Sim et al, 2007), and pre-operative assessment (Handzel et al, 2009). Most methods employ a computer-assisted manual segmentation (Rodt et al, 2002), an automatic threshold-based segmentation (Neri et al, 2001), or some combination thereof (Seemann et al, 1999; Jun et al, 2005; Sim et al, 2007; Sim and Puria, 2008; Handzel et al, 2009) to delineate the anatomical structures of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction and exploration of virtual middle-ear models derived from micro-CT datasets

et al. 2010

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Background Middle-ear anatomy is integrally linked to both its normal function and its response to disease processes. Micro-CT imaging provides an opportunity to capture high-resolution anatomical data in a relatively quick and non-destructive manner. However, to optimally extract functionally relevant details, an intuitive means of reconstructing and interacting with these data is needed. Materials and methods A micro-CT scanner was used to obtain high-resolution scans of freshly explanted human temporal bones. An advanced volume renderer was adapted to enable real-time reconstruction, display, and manipulation of these volumetric datasets. A custom-designed user interface provided for semi-automated threshold segmentation. A 6-degrees-of-freedom navigation device was designed and fabricated to enable exploration of the 3D space in a manner intuitive to those comfortable with the use of a surgical microscope. Standard haptic devices were also incorporated to assist in navigation and exploration. Results Our visualization workstation could be adapted to allow for the effective exploration of middle-ear micro-CT datasets. Functionally significant anatomical details could be recognized and objective data could be extracted. Conclusions We have developed an intuitive, rapid, and effective means of exploring otological micro-CT datasets. This system may provide a foundation for additional work based on middle-ear anatomical data.

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A Downloadable Three-Dimensional Virtual Model of the Visible Ear

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

A Multichannel Semicircular Canal Neural Prosthesis Using Electrical Stimulation to Restore 3-D Vestibular Sensation

A Multichannel Semicircular Canal Neural Prosthesis Using Electrical Stimulation to Restore 3-D Vestibular Sensation

Automatic Identification and 3D Rendering of Temporal Bone Anatomy

Reconstruction and exploration of virtual middle-ear models derived from micro-CT datasets

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