A driving simulator study to evaluate the effects of different types of median separation on driving behavior on 2 + 1 roads

Calvi, Alessandro; Cafiso, Salvatore; D’Agostino, Carmelo; Kieć, Mariusz; Petrucci, Gianmarco

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2022.106922

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In our study, we have found that the absence of median separation in good road conditions (good pavement, dry, and straight) is associated with black spots of level 1. This discovery has also been reported by Calvi et al [11] which states that the type of median separation has a negative effect on the driver's secure behavior. They showed that the type of median has a significant effect on the distance between the vehicle and the median, namely a large distance when the median separation is a cable barrier.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Accident black spots identification based on association rule mining

Mbarek,

Jiber,

Yahyaouy

et al. 2024

Bulletin EEI

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This paper presents an analytical approach to identifying the important characteristics of accident black spots on Moroccan rural roads. An association rule mining method is applied to extract road spatial characteristics associated with fatal accidents. The weighted severity index was calculated for each section, which was then used to determine the severity levels of black spots. The apriori algorithm is applied to find the correlation between road characteristics and the severity levels of black spots. Then, a general rule selection method is proposed to identify the rules strongly associated with each severity level. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in identifying the most important factors contributing to accidents. Furthermore, it shows that the combination of several road characteristics, such as road width, road surface, and bridge presence, may contribute to fatal accidents. The general rule selection found that wet, bad surfaces, and narrow shoulders were significantly associated with accidents on rural roads. The findings of the present study can help develop effective strategies to reduce road accidents and thus improve road safety in the country.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Accident black spots identification based on association rule mining

Mbarek,

Jiber,

Yahyaouy

et al. 2024

Bulletin EEI

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“…In this regard, Ref. [2] pointed out that varying median separations on rural two-lane roads have a considerable impact on how drivers behave, specifically in terms of their lateral positioning and driving trajectories, along with the related safety risks. Furthermore, it has been observed that collisions tend to happen more frequently on undivided two-way roads, which is attributed to the fluctuating traffic circumstances [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Safety Assessment and Injury Severity Analysis for Undivided Two-Way Highway–Rail Grade Crossings

Ren,

Xu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Mathematics

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The safety and reliability of undivided two-way highway–rail grade crossings (HRGCs) are of paramount importance in transportation systems. Utilizing crash data from the Federal Railroad Administration between 2020 and 2021, this study aims to predict crash injury severity outcomes and investigate various factors influencing injury severities. The χ2 test was first used to select variables that were significantly associated with injury outcomes. By employing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model and interpretable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a cross-category safety assessment that offers an evidence-based hierarchy and statistical inference of risk factors associated with crashes, crossings, vehicles, drivers, and environment was provided for killed, injured, and uninjured outcomes. Some significant predictors overlapped between the killed and injured models, such as old driver, driver was in vehicle, main track, went around the gate, adverse crossing surface, and truck, while the other different significant factors revealed that the model could distinguish between different severity levels. Additionally, the results suggested that the model has varying performances in predicting different injury severities, with the killed model having the highest accuracy of 93.36%. The SHAP dependency plots for the top three features also ensure reliable predictions and inform potential interventions aimed at strengthening traffic safety and risk management practices, such as enhanced warning systems and targeted educational campaigns for older drivers.

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“…The main design features of the 2+1 include (1) the median separation type (in case of prohibiting overtaking in the opposite direction), (2) the length of the passing auxiliary lane, and (3) the width of the auxiliary lane. Calvi et al (2023), in their driving simulator study, tested four median types: (1) double-line markings only; (2) reflective elements; (3) flexible guideposts; and (4) cable barriers and found that the type of median significantly affects driving behavior, but did not affect the average speed on the passing lane [7]. In a similar study, Vadeby (2016) investigated the safety effects of narrow 2+1 roads (i.e., a width of 9-10 meters) with cable barriers, in Sweden, and found that the total number of fatalities and serious injury crashes was reduced by 50%, and the total number of personal injury crashes decreased by 21% [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Mobility Performance Comparison of Two-Plus-One and Two-Lane Two-Way Roads: A Simulation Study

Shahdah,

Alanazi,

Azam

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Two-plus-one (2+1) highways are a special configuration of two-lane two-way (TLTW) highways with a continuous center lane that is used to alternate passing lanes. The main objective of this paper is, therefore, to evaluate the suitability of the 2+1 design for Middle East conditions as a replacement for traditional TLTW roads with higher traffic volumes or as an interim solution before transforming TLTW roads into four-lane highways. In our analysis, we considered both safety and mobility performances by comparing the 2+1 and TLTW designs. The new suggested 2+1 designs were evaluated, with the first design prohibiting overtaking in the opposite direction, while the second design permitted it. Additionally, two-speed-limit strategies, uniform speed limit (USL), and differential speed limit (DSL) were also evaluated. The results showed that the 2+1 design, which prohibited overtaking in the opposite direction, was superior to TLTW in terms of mobility and safety, while the other design compromised safety compared to TLTW. The results provide valuable information to policymakers, urban planners, and transport authorities to guide evidence-based decisions on the integration of the 2+1 design as a viable solution for sustainable and efficient transportation.

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A driving simulator study to evaluate the effects of different types of median separation on driving behavior on 2 + 1 roads

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Accident black spots identification based on association rule mining

Accident black spots identification based on association rule mining

Traffic Safety Assessment and Injury Severity Analysis for Undivided Two-Way Highway–Rail Grade Crossings

Safety and Mobility Performance Comparison of Two-Plus-One and Two-Lane Two-Way Roads: A Simulation Study

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