A Drop of Water in the Indian Ocean? The Impact of GlobalGap Certification on Lychee Farmers in Madagascar

Subervie, Julie; Vagneron, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.05.002

Cited by 94 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…NOTES 1. The literature on food standards in developing countries focuses on how standards change the organization of supply chains (e.g., Dolan & Humphrey, 2000;Gibbon & Ponte, 2005) and on the welfare effects for farmers and workers (e.g., Asfaw, Mithö fer, & Waibel, 2010;Colen, Maertens, & Swinnen, 2012;Ehlert, Mithö fer, & Waibel, 2014;Hansen & Trifković, 2014;Kersting & Wollni, 2012;Kleemann, Abdulai, & Buss, 2014;Maertens & Swinnen, 2009;Schuster & Maertens, 2013;Subervie & Vagneron, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Private Food Standards on Developing Countries’ Export Performance: An Analysis of Asparagus Firms in Peru

Schuster

Maertens

2015

World Development

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Summary.-In this paper we analyze the impact of private food standards on the export performance of asparagus export firms in Peru. We use 18-year panel data from 87 firms and apply fixed effects and GMM models. We do not find any evidence that certification to private standards in general and to specific individual private standards, has an effect on firms' export performance, neither at the extensive margin nor at the intensive margin, and neither on export volumes nor on export values. Our case-study results imply that private standards do not act as a catalyst to trade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initiatives such as the Pesticide Initiative Program in ACP countries (Jaud & Cadot, 2012) and MCA or BAMEX in Madagascar (Bignebat & Vagneron, 2011;Subervie & Vagneron, 2013).…”

Section: As Proposed Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Private Food Standards on Developing Countries’ Export Performance: An Analysis of Asparagus Firms in Peru

Schuster

Maertens

2015

World Development

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“…Many NGOs and development agencies invest in supporting developing country exporters to comply with private standards and seek certification. Initiatives such as the Pesticide Initiative Program in ACP countries (Jaud and Cadot 2012) and MCA or BAMEX 9 in Madagascar (Bignebat and Vagneron 2011;Subervie and Vagneron 2013) assist private firms to comply with the requirements of overseas buyers, based on the assumption that this will benefit trade and development in the country. Some studies have indicated that such donor support is necessary for the inclusion of family-type farms in high-standards trade because the adoption of high standards by smallholder farms is only possible through external interventions, e.g.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Private Food Standards on Trade and Development: Evidence from Peru

Schuster

Maertens

2015

Food Safety, Market Organization, Trade and Development

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Private food standards are increasingly governing international agricultural trade and thereby affect developing countries. With this chapter we contribute to two ongoing debates on this issue for which the empirical evidence is still mixed. The first is on the trade effects, and whether standards act as barriers or catalysts for developing countries' export. The second one is on the welfare effects, and whether standards have an excluding or including effect on small-scale farmers in export supply chains. We address both the trade effects for firms and welfare effects for small-scale farmers in the Peruvian asparagus export sector, using company-level data for the period 1993-2011. While we find no evidence for a trade-enhancing effect of certification to private standards, we document that adoption of standards leads to more vertical integration and significantly reduces the share of produce that is sourced from external producers, with a larger effect for small-scale producers.

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“…This standard was established in 1997 by the European food retailers as a response to the concerns of European consumers following several outbreaks [15]. In order to ensure the safety of exported food products, producers must be certified either individually (option 1) or as a group (option 2).…”

Section: Commercial Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience from fifteen years of Malagasy lychee export campaigns

Jahiel¹,

Andreas²,

Penot³

2014

Fruits

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-Lychee on the European markets.With approximately 2.8 Mt of annual global production, lychee constitutes a minor fruit in terms of production. The world production is mainly located in the northern hemisphere (95%). However, most of the quantity exported to the EU comes from the southern hemisphere. In this context, with its 100,000 t of annual production, Madagascar is ranked fourth in the producing world and first in the southern hemisphere producing countries. This rank is due to the fact that supplies in the EU are seasonal and mainly concentrated during the end of the year holiday season. This market can only be supplied in quantity by the Malagasy lychee because of its earlier date of harvest in the Indian Ocean. The lychee industry in Madagascar. Lychee cultivation in Madagascar dates from the early twentieth century. It is primarily grown in wet tropical lowlands of the island with some production in areas with a subtropical climate with dry and cool winters. The stand is not structured into orchards. Therefore, the volumes currently exported are based on a stand established by a multitude of small producers. The characteristics of Malagasy lychee export and the consequences of the production context on export are analyzed. Changes in European legislation on lychee importation. The regulatory changes since 1987 and the commercial developments since 1994 are reviewed by analyzing the resulting effects on the Malagasy lychee exports. Learning experience from fifteen years of Malagasy lychee export campaigns. Data on Malagasy lychee export campaigns from 1996 to 2012 and the history of the changes in volumes exported allow a close analysis of the factors affecting the Malagasy lychee industry. Success factors of the Malagasy lychee exports. These factors are related to securing market position and to the components of a marketing campaign (supply date to the European market, exported volumes and competition from produce from other countries). Conclusions. Lychees from Madagascar, although marketed for a very brief period, currently occupy the first rank on the European markets and have managed, through the development of transport logistics using very large-capacity cargoes, to eliminate all competition. However, this sector is mainly structured downstream and its production, which comprises a network of 30,000 small producers, has been neglected. This lack of intervention (boosting of production, improving crop management, etc.) upstream of the chain does not support sustaining the industry in the medium term.Madagascar / Litchi chinensis / production data / production structure / exports / modes of transport / regulations / quality control Expérience de quinze années de campagnes d'exportation du litchi malgache.Résumé -Le litchi sur les marchés européens. Avec une production annuelle mondiale de 2,8 Mt, le litchi est classé comme un fruit mineur. La production mondiale se situe principalement dans l'hémisphère nord (95 %). Cependant, la plupart des quantités exportées vers l'UE provient de l'hé...

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A Drop of Water in the Indian Ocean? The Impact of GlobalGap Certification on Lychee Farmers in Madagascar

Cited by 94 publications

References 31 publications

The Impact of Private Food Standards on Developing Countries’ Export Performance: An Analysis of Asparagus Firms in Peru

The Impact of Private Food Standards on Developing Countries’ Export Performance: An Analysis of Asparagus Firms in Peru

The Impact of Private Food Standards on Trade and Development: Evidence from Peru

Experience from fifteen years of Malagasy lychee export campaigns

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