A dry-cooled AC quantum voltmeter

Schubert, M.; Starkloff, M.; Peiselt, Katja; Anders, S.; Knipper, Richard; Lee, J.; Behr, R.; Palafox, L.; Böck, A. C.; Schaidhammer, L.; Fleischmann, P. M.; Meyer, H.‐G.

doi:10.1088/0953-2048/29/10/105014

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The performance of the differential sampling systems (at 7 or 10 VRMS) have been studied in different laboratories [143,146,143,147,148,137]. Today, liquid cryogen-free PJVS systems have been demonstrated [149,150,151], and fully automated systems are available from NIST and Supracon. A very interesting application of PJVS was suggested for impedance ratio measurements based on two PJVS systems generating square-waves: the Josephson two-terminal-pair impedance bridge [152].…”

Section: Conventional Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Poirier

Djordjevic

Schopfer

et al. 2019

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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By fixing two fundamental constants from quantum mechanics, the Planck constant h and the elementary charge e, the revised Système International (SI) of units endorses explicitly quantum mechanics. This evolution also highlights the importance of this theory which underpins the most accurate realization of the units. From 20 May 2019, the new definitions of the kilogram and of the ampere, based on fixed values of h and e respectively, will particularly impact the electrical metrology. The Josephson effect (JE) and the quantum Hall effect (QHE), used to maintain voltage and resistance standards with unprecedented reproducibility since 1990, will henceforth provide realizations of the volt and the ohm without the uncertainties inherited from the older electromechanical definitions. More broadly, the revised SI will sustain the exploitation of quantum effects to realize electrical units, to the benefit of end-users. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of these standards and discuss further applications and perspectives.

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Section: Conventional Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Poirier

Djordjevic

Schopfer

et al. 2019

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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“…intrinsic stability) and range of applications (see section 4). NMIJ/AIST, NIST, and Supracon, have successfully operated PJVS circuits on liquidhelium-free dry cryocoolers [42][43][44]. Fully automated, liquidcryogen-free PJVS systems are available from NIST through the NIST standard reference instrument program 3 and from Supracon 4 .…”

Section: Programmable Josephson Voltage Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the latest generation of Josephson voltage standards in ac and dc electric metrology

2018

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For decades, the quantum behavior of Josephson junctions has been employed as intrinsic standards for voltage metrology. Conventional dc Josephson voltage standards have been the primary standards for voltage, programmable Josephson voltage standards have been implemented in calibration services and precision measurements, such as the Planck constant, and Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers have been employed in ac voltage calibrations and precision measurements of the Boltzmann constant. With the anticipated redefinition of the Système International d'Unités, all types of Josephson voltage standards will become intrinsic standards and equivalent realizations of the unit volt. Here we review the stateof-the art performance, best practices, and current impact of these systems for various applications, with an emphasis on ac voltage metrology. We explain the limitations of each system, especially regarding the many potential systematic errors that affect their accuracy and performance for specific applications.

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“…New measurement capabilities with the PJVS systems have been demonstrated that exploit the intrinsic stability and programmability of their voltages. In addition to traditional applications in DC voltage metrology (like primary voltage standard calibrations and voltmeter gain and linearity), the possibility of rapidly, accurately and precisely setting the quantized voltage to any value has extended the metrological applications to the field of sub-kilohertz AC voltage through the generation of stepwise-approximated reference waveforms [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct DC 10 V comparison between two programmable Josephson voltage standards made of niobium nitride (NbN)-based and niobium (Nb)-based Josephson junctions

et al. 2018

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BIPM's new transportable programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) has been used for an on-site comparison at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) (NMIJ/AIST, hereafter called just NMIJ unless otherwise noted). This is the first time that an array of niobium-based Josephson junctions with amorphous niobium silicon Nb x Si 1−x barriers, developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology 4 (NIST), has been directly compared to an array of niobium nitride (NbN)-based junctions (developed by the NMIJ in collaboration with the Nanoelectronics Research Institute (NeRI), AIST). Nominally identical voltages produced by both systems agreed within 5 parts in 10 12 (0.05 nV at 10 V) with a combined relative uncertainty of 7.9 × 10 −11 (0.79 nV). The low side of the NMIJ apparatus is, by design, referred to the ground potential. An analysis of the systematic errors due to the leakage current to ground was conducted for this ground configuration. The influence of a multi-stage low-pass filter installed at the output measurement leads of the NMIJ primary standard was also investigated. The number of capacitances in parallel in the filter and their insulation resistance have a direct impact on the amplitude of the systematic voltage error introduced by the leakage current, even if the current does not necessarily return to ground. The filtering of the output of the PJVS voltage leads has the positive consequence of protecting the array from external sources of noise. Current noise, when coupled to the array, reduces the width or current range of the quantized voltage steps. The voltage error induced by the leakage current in the filter is an order of magnitude larger than the voltage error in the absence of all filtering, even though the current range of steps is significantly decreased without filtering. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 4 Contribution of the US Government, not subject to copyright.

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A dry-cooled AC quantum voltmeter

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

The ampere and the electrical units in the quantum era

Impact of the latest generation of Josephson voltage standards in ac and dc electric metrology

Direct DC 10 V comparison between two programmable Josephson voltage standards made of niobium nitride (NbN)-based and niobium (Nb)-based Josephson junctions

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