A Dual-Color Quantum Dots Encoded Frit-Based Immunoassay for Visual Detection of Aflatoxin M₁ and Pirlimycin Residues in Milk

Abstract

Mycotoxins and antibacterial agents are the main chemical hazards that lead to several health problems. Nowadays, multiplex immunoassay is a primary goal throughout the world. Here, aflatoxin M and pirlimycin were selected as models, and a novel dual colorimetric encoded frit-based immunoassay was developed for simultaneously screening of aflatoxin M and pirlimycin residues in milk. This multiplex frit-based immunoassay combined two monoclonal antibodies to extend the spectrum of analytes and to enable detection of two classes of analytes in a single test. The cutoff values were 0.02 μg/kg for aflatoxin M and 0.5 μg/kg for pirlimycin, which satisfied the requirement to measure the maximum residue levels. The novel colorimetric frit-based immunoassay has the advantage of high throughput, short analysis time, reduced overall cost per assay, and can be used as a rapid screening technique for simultaneously detecting aflatoxin M and pirlimycin residues in milk.

A Flexible PI/Si/SiO2 Piezoresistive Microcantilever for Trace-Level Detection of Aflatoxin B1

“…Aflatoxin B1 can be a pollutant in various foods such as lacquer, corn, cottonseed meal, grains, and animal feed. Tolerable levels of aflatoxin B1 have been set by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with concentrations of 1 to 20 µg/kg in food and 5 to 50 µg/kg in edible cattle feed [2][3][4][5]. Hence, real-time, label-free, and trace-level detections for aflatoxin B1 represent an important and serious issue to ensure food safety.…”

Turn-On Fluorescence Aptasensor on Magnetic Nanobeads for Aflatoxin M1 Detection Based on an Exonuclease III-Assisted Signal Amplification Strategy

“…Usually, instrumental analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [13], thin layer chromatography (TLC) [14] and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) [15] are conducted to monitor the AFM1 but the requirement of well-equipped laboratories and facilities restricts the wide application of these methods. Conversely, various immunoassays like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [16], fluoroimmunoassays (FLISA) [17] and immunosensors [18] have been developed for AFM1 detection based on the antigen-antibody specific recognition. Although the immunoassays have the advantages of high sensitivity, relative rapidity and high throughput, preparation of an antibody with high specificity, sensitivity and batch-to-batch consistency is difficult and costly.…”