A dual‐readout nanosensor based on biomass‐based C‐dots and chitosan@AuNPs with hyaluronic acid for determination of hyaluronidase

Abstract

A dual-signal strategy is proposed based on fluorescent biomass-based carbon dots (BC-dots) and chitosan stabilized AuNPs (CS@AuNPs) to determine hyaluronidase (HAase). BC-dots can induce aggregation of CS@AuNPs nanoparticles with a colour change from red to blue. Positively charged CS@AuNPs interacted with the negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HA) through electrostatic adsorption, and CS@AuNPs maintained stability due to the semirigid coil conformation of HA. However, in the presence of HAase, due to enzymatic hydrolysis of HA by HAase, the CS@AuNPs agglomerated. Based on the change of fluorescence and colour, quantitative analysis of HAase was achieved. Linear ranges for the fluorometric and colorimetric determinations were 2.0-70 U mL −1 and 8-60 U mL −1 , respectively, with a detection limit of 0.27 U mL −1 . This dual-signal sensing system possesses high potential for determination of HAase in biological matrices.

State-of-the-Art on the Preparation, Modification, and Application of Biomass-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots

“…CQDs with the easy functionalization, tunable emission spectra along with narrow spectral bands, exhibit great potential for specific sensing applications . Up to now, CQDs have triggered a research rush to tap their potential for sensitive and selective detection of heavy metal ions (e.g., Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Ag + , Hg 2+ , Cr 6+ ), anions (e.g., I – , NO 2– , F – , S 2 O 3 2– , ClO – ), and small molecules (e.g., thrombin, hyaluronidase, glyphosate). CQDs play dual roles of electron acceptor and electron donor to realize the fluorescent detection purpose.…”

Tunable multicolour S/N co‐doped carbon quantum dots synthesized from waste foam and application to detection of Cr3+ ions

“…[5][6][7][8] These properties allow CQDs extensive application in photocatalysis [9] , cell imaging [10,11] , optical sensor [12] , catalysis [13] , fluorescent inks [14] , ion detection [15] , and small molecule detection. [16,17] Various synthesis methods have been reported for preparing fluorescent CQDs, including acidic oxidation [18] , electrochemical synthesis [19] , and microwave, ultrasonic [20,21] , and hydrothermal methods [22] , laser ablation [23] , hot injection, and pyrolysis. [24] Among them, the hydrothermal method is the most commonly used method to prepare CQDs because of its advantages of simple operation, low cost, and environmental protection, etc., and the ease of obtaining tunable multicolour emission CQDs.…”

Simple and eco‐friendly synthesis of crude orange‐peel‐derived carbon nanoparticles for detection of Fe3+ and ascorbic acid

“…Fluorescence switch is one of the commonly used methods for detecting various analytes by CDs, but the switch principle varies according to different properties of different CDs and analytes. [ 30–33 ] Most of the current methods for detecting AA based on CDs use the ‘on–off–on’ mechanism in which fluorescence of CDs is first quenched by Fe 3+ then recovered from reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ in the presence of AA. [ 34–37 ] In this study, the order of reaction was adjusted to ensure a more complete reduction reaction between AA and Fe 3+ .…”