“…To alleviate the data pressure on the 5G radio access network, a novel charging scheme was proposed in 2020, which was quantitatively presented as a closed-form formula, where the correlations among network capabilities, such as transmission delay, reliability, rate, and coverage, are provided [13]. Considering the great commercial potential of the rapid development and wide application of internet and cloud computing, Fang et al [14] studied a dynamic charging model on a massive data analysis platform under the incorporation of changeable source price and SLA performance management mechanism, which realizes the idea of "pay-as-you-go" business model in data analysis platform charging and cloud commercialization. However, most studies attempted to compress the large original calculated amount to lessen the loading of the computing system.…”