A dynamic continental moisture gradient drove Amazonian bird diversification

Silva, Sofia; Peterson, A. Townsend; Carneiro, Lincoln; Burlamaqui, Tibério Cesar Tortola; Ribas, Camila C.; Sousa-Neves, Tiago; Miranda, Leonardo de Sousa; Fernandes, Alexandre M.; d’Horta, Fernando M.; Araújo-Silva, Lucas Eduardo; Batista, Romina; Bandeira, Cinthia H. M. M.; Dantas, Sidnei de Melo; Ferreira, Mateus; Martins, Dalton Lopes; Oliveira, Joiciane; Rocha, Tainá; Sardelli, Carla Haisler; Thom, Gregory; Rêgo, Péricles Sena do; Santos, Marcos Pérsio Dos; Sequeira, Fernando; Vallinoto, Marcelo; Aleixo, Alexandre

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat5752

Cited by 138 publications

(218 citation statements)

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“…By contrast, the BSP and EBSP analyses found some evidence that the majority of the L. coronata subclades underwent a more recent demographic expansion, between 50,000 and 10,000 years before present, which is compatible with the evidence of demographic fluctuations resulting from the shifts in climate that occurred during the Pleistocene, as in Haffer's (2008) refugia model. These findings are also consistent with the results of other studies of Amazonian birds that inhabit terra firme forests, which have also revealed a tendency for recent demographic fluctuations that have possibly resulted from changes in forest cover and associated oscillations in the availability of resources that occurred during the Pleistocene (d' Horta et al, 2013;Fernandes et al, 2012;Harvey & Brumfield, 2015;Ribas et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2019;Thom & Aleixo, 2015). Furthermore, the lack of any evidence of the potential role of the Negro River as a primary barrier reinforces the probable influence of climatic processes in the recent diversification of certain L. coronata groups.…”

Section: Biogeographic Events and The Diversification Of The Lepidosupporting

confidence: 91%

Multilocus data of a manakin species reveal cryptic diversification moulded by vicariance

et al. 2019

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We used molecular tools and a multilocus approach to investigate the phylogeography of Lepidothrix coronata across most of its ample range. We sequenced six DNA fragments to produce phylogenies, molecular dating estimates, analyses of the dynamics of the demographic history of the species and a biogeographic analysis to estimate the events and changes in the ancestral distribution of the species. The results indicated the presence of four well‐established lineages, with high levels of divergence. These lineages are delineated by well‐defined geographic barriers, with one lineage, restricted to the west of the Andes, being the first to diverge from the complex. The other three lineages are exclusive to the Amazonian distribution of the species, with two being found north of the Amazon River, and the third, south of the Amazon. Some of the relationships found between these lineages were distinct from those described in previous studies. Important disagreements were found between the mtDNA phylogeny and that of the multilocus analysis, in relation to the lineages located to the west of the Andes. We propose that past introgression events may have influenced shifts in the relationships between lineages, despite the fact that the groups were well defined in both the phylogenies. The biogeographic analysis indicates that the lineages arose through successive vicariance events, which had a primary role in the diversification of the group. Two or three genetically structured subclades were also found within each Amazonian lineage, although these subclades are not isolated by an obvious geographic barrier.

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Section: Biogeographic Events and The Diversification Of The Lepidosupporting

confidence: 91%

Multilocus data of a manakin species reveal cryptic diversification moulded by vicariance

et al. 2019

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“…Patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in Amazonia were strongly congruent, indicating that relatively recent evolutionary and/or ecological processes are more important for the structure of bird communities in Amazonia than old evolutionary processes (i.e. diversification at the base of the phylogeny; Hattab et al , Silva et al ). These processes are likely associated with the presence of dispersal barriers and environmental filters, even though Passeriformes have an evident ability to disperse longer distances than other terrestrial vertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In tropical regions, large rivers might act as barriers to species dispersal leading to differences in community composition across river margins (Cracraft , Hayes and Sewlal , Pomara et al , Naka and Brumfield , Silva et al ). Limited dispersal can promote allopatric speciation (Ribas et al ) or prevent secondary contact of extant species (Naka and Brumfield ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current species distribution in Amazonia likely results from complex interactions of historical geological events and environmental factors (Silva et al ). The distribution of birds in Amazonia has been historically associated with endemism areas delimited by rivers (Cracraft ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect of rivers on vertebrates is controversial – new studies suggest that rivers do not delimitate endemism areas (Oliveira et al ) and have a weak association to the distribution of birds and other vertebrates at the broader scales of Amazonia (Oliveira et al , Santorelli et al ). Although the environment and geographic distance have also been associated to the distribution of vertebrates (Hubbell , Buckley and Jetz , Silva et al ), plants (Tuomisto et al ) and insects (Dambros et al ), the relative contribution of climate, geographic distance and rivers is still debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate and geographic distance are more influential than rivers on the beta diversity of passerine birds in Amazonia

et al. 2020

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Variation in the spatial structure of communities in terms of species composition (beta diversity) is affected by different ecological processes, such as environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. Large rivers are known as barriers for species dispersal (riverine hypothesis) in tropical regions. However, when organisms are not dispersal limited by geographic barriers, other factors, such as climatic conditions and geographic distance per se, may affect species distribution. In order to investigate the relative contribution of major rivers, climate and geographic distance on Passeriformes beta diversity, we divided Amazonia into 549 grid cells (1° of latitude and longitude) and obtained data of species occurrence, climate and geographic position for each cell. Beta diversity was measured using taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional metrics of composition. The influence of climatic variables, geographic distance and rivers on these metrics was tested using regression analyses. Passerine beta diversity is characterized mainly by the change in species taxonomic identity and in phylogenetic lineages across climatic gradients and over geographic distance. However, species with similar traits are found throughout the entire Amazonia. The size of rivers was proportional to their effect on species composition. However, climate and geographic distance are relatively more important than rivers for Amazonian taxonomic and phylogenetic species composition.

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Existing protected areas provide a poor safety‐net for threatened Amazonian fish species

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et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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Freshwater ecosystems represent less than 0.01% of Earth's surface water but proportionately encompass the most species‐rich environment on the planet, including nearly one‐third of all vertebrate species. Even though inland continental waters are widely regarded as highly endangered ecosystems, their species assemblages are mostly ignored in conservation plans, largely because spatial patterns of freshwater species remain poorly understood. This is particularly severe throughout the Neotropics, most notably in the Amazon superbasin, where the sheer biotic diversity is coupled with a severe lack of biodiversity knowledge at several levels. Spatial patterns of Neotropical freshwater fishes focusing mainly on the Amazon superbasin were investigated. First, Endemic Amazonian Fish Areas (EAFAs) representing central units for the conservation of continental fishes were delimited. Interpolated maps were then analysed using alternative methodologies to delimit spatial patterns of diversity and endemicity across the Amazon superbasin. Several biogeographical analyses used a comprehensive dataset of species and geographical coordinates of Amazonian fishes. The results reveal well‐defined spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity in the Amazonian fish fauna, showing that most protected areas are concentrated in a single bioregion (Amazon lowlands). Those areas are incongruent and insufficient to protect endemic and threatened species, which are mostly distributed in upland regions. Effective conservation of the Amazonian fish fauna should include EAFAs within protected areas, especially those undergoing deforestation and hydropower development pressure and containing a high concentration of threatened species. The following EAFAs should be considered as conservation priorities: Upper Araguaia, Upper Tocantins, Lower Teles Pires/Serra do Cachimbo, Chapada dos Parecis and Upper Marañon. These regions should be urgently protected to avert the loss of important trophic relationships and unique elements of the Amazonian fish fauna.

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A dynamic continental moisture gradient drove Amazonian bird diversification

Cited by 138 publications

References 64 publications

Multilocus data of a manakin species reveal cryptic diversification moulded by vicariance

Multilocus data of a manakin species reveal cryptic diversification moulded by vicariance

Climate and geographic distance are more influential than rivers on the beta diversity of passerine birds in Amazonia

Existing protected areas provide a poor safety‐net for threatened Amazonian fish species

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