A Dynamic Model of the Humall/Clothing/EnvirorlInent -System.

Xu, Xiaojiang; Werner, J.

doi:10.2114/jpa.16.61

Cited by 99 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The advantages of this program were larger numbers of blood temperature valuables and the fact that, unlike previous models, the controlling outputs of the thermoregulation model had local characteristics [2][3][4][5][6][7] . By using the improved computer program, we were able to simulate the whole body temperatures of the subjects during exercise described in Gagge et al 1) were simulated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction Computer Program for Whole Body Temperatures and its Application under Various Working Level and Thermal Environmental Condition Combinations

Yokoyama

Tao²,

Kakuta

2007

Ind Health

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We introduced a computer program developed for the numerical analysis of thermal conditions of all segments and blood circulatory systems in the human body to precisely evaluate human thermal physiological responses. In this program, a cylindrical model consisting of internal multi-layers is adapted for the segment of the human body. For the multi-layered concentric cylindrical model we adopted a new numerical solution method. By using this computer program the internal tissue temperatures, heat fluxes and blood temperatures of all segments in the human body could be calculated simultaneously. This program also included a subroutine for calculation of thermoregulatory response. This paper describes the improvements made to this computer program for simulating individual physical differences and its application to various working levels. The main points for improvement were the assigning procedures of physical characteristics of individuals and local muscle heat production. The improved computer program was used to simulatethe whole body temperatures of the subjects during exercise described in Gagge, Stolwijk and Saltin (1969) 1) were simulated. The calculated results were agreed with the measured results under the combination of the three kinds of exercise and the three types of environmental condition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason several mathematical models of thermoregulation in humans have been developed [2][3][4][5][6][7] . We developed a computer program for the numerical analysis of thermal conditions of all segments and blood circulatory systems in the human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Computer Program for Whole Body Temperatures and its Application under Various Working Level and Thermal Environmental Condition Combinations

Yokoyama

Tao²,

Kakuta

2007

Ind Health

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“…However, for the multi-sector human simulator, there were big discrepancies between simulated mean skin temperature, core temperature and data from the human subjects. Redortier and Voelcker [10] addressed the challenges of incorporating a multi-segment thermophysiological model (i.e., Xu's 6-segment model [15]) to control the Newton sweating thermal manikin. The whole model-manikin system presented reasonable results.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Model Controlled Sweating Thermal Manikin: Can it replace human subjects?

Wang¹

2011

J Ergonom

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Sweating thermal manikins are extensively used to assess clothing before performing human trials. Because thermal manikins cannot simulate human physiological responses and psychological perceptions, a recent hot research on incorporating various physiological models with thermal manikins has been highlighted. Can such physiological model regulated sweating manikins replace human subjects?A thermal manikin is an instrument which simulates an average human being in terms of body dimensions. The first thermal manikin was introduced in 1940s by the US Army [1]. It was a one-segment copper manikin. Afterwards, more advanced ones such as multisegment, sweating and moveable male and female manikins have been developed as new technologiesadvance [2][3][4][5]. The idea of incorporating a human physiological model with a sweating manikin was first proposed in 2005 [6]. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, CO) designed such a physiological model controlled manikin ADAM and used it to evaluate liquid cooling garments. The controlling system is comprised of three units: the sweating manikin, the physiological control model and the empirical thermal comfort model. In this study, the comparison of data from model controlled manikin and physiological data from subject tests was not accomplished due to various reasons such as different test conditions were used. Nevertheless, the comfort and thermal sensations obtained from the model controlled manikin showed expected trends.Richards et al. [7] introduced the development of coupling a human physiological model (i.e., the Fiala model [14]) with a heated sweating cylinder. A good agreement has been seen between the model controlled cylinder data and human subject data. However, the human subjects had a cooler skin temperature than the Fiala physiological model controlled sweating cylinder. Later, Psikuta et al. [8][9] further developed a single-sector and a multi-sector thermophysiological human simulator, respectively. Such simulators were validated by comparing data from human subject experiments performed under different air temperatures (15-37.5 °C). They found that the single-sector human simulator was able to simulate such human thermophysiological responses as core body temperature and mean skin temperature at steady-state conditions. However, for the multi-sector human simulator, there were big discrepancies between simulated mean skin temperature, core temperature and data from the human subjects. Redortier and Voelcker [10] addressed the challenges of incorporating a multi-segment thermophysiological model (i.e., Xu's 6-segment model [15]) to control the Newton sweating thermal manikin. The whole model-manikin system presented reasonable results. Later they validated this model regulated sweating manikin for sports exercises. The initial results showed significant discrepancy between the manikin and human subjects. validated the performance of a physiological model controlled Newton thermal manikin by comparing the data from simulation studies and historic...

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“…The integrated body temperature is weighted using the core, muscle, and skin compartment temperatures. The afferent signal is the difference between this temperature and its threshold, which activates thermoregulatory mechanisms including vasomotor changes, sweat production, and metabolic heat production (33). Shivering thermogenesis (i.e., part of metabolic heat production) is a function of core and mean skin temperatures, and includes an intensity adjustment, maximal capability, shivering exhaustion, and inhibition due to a low core temperature (32).…”

Section: Six Cylinder Thermoregulatory Model (Sctm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a six-cylinder model, with each cylinder originally consisting of core and shell layers. Recently, we added muscle, fat, and clothing layers (33) and incorporated a conceptual model for shivering intensity and fatigue into the current SCTM configuration. This has improved the model prediction of human responses to long-term cold exposure (32).…”

Section: Usariem Thermal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA)

Xu¹,

Amin²,

Santee³

2008

Self Cite

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for review ing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and review ing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimat e or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 w ords)A Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA) is developed to predict survival time for hypothermia and dehydration during prolonged exposure at sea in both air and water for a wide range of environmental conditions. PSDA calculates the survival time of a victim in the water or floating in an emergency craft as a function of human anthropometric parameters, clothing, and environmental variables. PSDA consists of a Six Cylinder Thermoregulatory Model (SCTM) and a Graphic User Interface (GUI) which manages inputs, runs the models, and displays output.The GUI allows users to easily use PSDA by selecting or entering inputs for ten basic parameters. It is then updated to display predictions for the cold functional time, cold survival time, dehydration survival time, and the empirical dehydration survival time. PSDA was validated using historical survival data, reported cases for accidental water immersions, and limited data for channel swimmers. For ten immersion victims for whom height and weight are known, the predicted survival time for each victim was either very close to or greater than the observed survival time. However, the predictive capability of PSDA is limited by the supporting data.

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A Dynamic Model of the Humall/Clothing/EnvirorlInent -System.

Cited by 99 publications

References 12 publications

Prediction Computer Program for Whole Body Temperatures and its Application under Various Working Level and Thermal Environmental Condition Combinations

Prediction Computer Program for Whole Body Temperatures and its Application under Various Working Level and Thermal Environmental Condition Combinations

Physiological Model Controlled Sweating Thermal Manikin: Can it replace human subjects?

Probability of Survival Decision Aid (PSDA)

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