Collaborative scheduling of logistics is one of the core problems in supply chain management. In this paper, a multi-intelligent system is used to establish the path planning algorithm of intelligent bodies and optimize logistics scheduling in the supply chain by improving the ant colony algorithm. The improved MAPPO algorithm is obtained by introducing the deformation encoder and attention mechanism on the basis of MAPPO to realize information synergy between multiple intelligences. The candidate order table is established to update the local and global pheromones, and the ACO algorithm is improved with the help of adaptive adjustment of volatility coefficients to avoid the basic ACO algorithm from falling into a local optimum in the object classification scheduling problem. The improved MAPPO algorithm significantly outperforms other algorithms in terms of convergence speed and stability in multi-intelligent body fixed and non-fixed goal path planning, and the path planning results and reasoning time also show obvious superiority among the compared algorithms. Taking the logistics scheduling of peaches as an example, the algorithm in this paper can significantly save costs and reduce the delayed pre-cooling cost to 0, effectively solving the problem of pre-cooling delay in logistics scheduling.