A Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm Based Analysis of Pedestrian Shockwaves at Bottleneck

Abstract

Since the quantitative methodology analysis of the high-density pedestrian shockwaves at a bottleneck is limited, this paper proposes a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm for identifying, analyzing, and verifying the shockwaves. A set of real-world trajectory data is used to illustrate the proposed algorithm. Results show that the DTW algorithm is capable of depicting the pedestrian shockwaves elaborately and accurately. Results also show that the shockwave velocity is unsteady, as throughout time the gathering wave velocity and the evanescent wave velocity are decreasing and increasing, respectively. The mutual influence between followers and leaders is decreased when the shockwave spreads. There is a linear relationship between the shockwave velocity and density. Furthermore, singularities present a potential match solution to help identify the changing of pedestrian behaviors. The DTW algorithm for evaluating the pedestrian system stability has significant intrinsic features in the pedestrian traffic control and management.

Experimental Study for Optimizing Pedestrian Flows at Bottlenecks of Subway Stations

“…Liao et al (2016) proposed a modified version of the cumulative sum control chart algorithm, which could robustly detect steady states from density and speed time series of bottleneck experiments [13]. Sun proposed a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm for identifying, analyzing, and verifying the shockwaves at bottlenecks [14]. Through a pedestrian experiment, Shiwakoti found that the merging angle has influence on the side than on the left rear side.…”

Research on Contactless Identification and Evaluation of Unarmed Fitness Activity

“…Loss ratio, fragment ratio, combination ratio, and accuracy are selected as indicators to evaluate the segmentation effect of the proposed method on unarmed fitness activities [27]. e accuracy rate can be calculated by…”

Investigating and modelling the relationship between traffic volume and extracts from cellphone activity data

“…In addition, some application adopted the DTW in the calibrating the microscopic car‐following model via the examination of the driver heterogeneity in the car following behaviour [26]. Besides, it also demonstrated the potential in the analysis of the pedestrian shockwaves at bottleneck [27].…”