A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

Judd, Emily J.; Bhattacharya, Tripti; Ivany, Linda C.

doi:10.1029/2020gl089044

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Compared the Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphic record are typically warmer and exhibit more regional and seasonal temperature variation (59). These records may also be influenced by local conditions, since surface temperatures vary as a function of latitude and basin geometry, and seawater δ 18 O values in modern surface waters can vary by up to ∼5‰ (60).…”

Section: Compiling a High-resolution Cambrian-ordovician Global δ 18 O Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-resolution record of early Paleozoic climate

Goldberg

Present

Finnegan

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The spatial coverage and temporal resolution of the Early Paleozoic paleoclimate record are limited, primarily due to the paucity of well-preserved skeletal material commonly used for oxygen-isotope paleothermometry. Bulk-rock δ18O datasets can provide broader coverage and higher resolution, but are prone to burial alteration. We assess the diagenetic character of two thick Cambro–Ordovician carbonate platforms with minimal to moderate burial by pairing clumped and bulk isotope analyses of micritic carbonates. Despite resetting of the clumped-isotope thermometer at both sites, our samples indicate relatively little change to their bulk δ18O due to low fluid exchange. Consequently, both sequences preserve temporal trends in δ18O. Motivated by this result, we compile a global suite of bulk rock δ18O data, stacking overlapping regional records to minimize diagenetic influences on overall trends. We find good agreement of bulk rock δ18O with brachiopod and conodont δ18O trends through time. Given evidence that the δ18O value of seawater has not evolved substantially through the Phanerozoic, we interpret this record as primarily reflecting changes in tropical, nearshore seawater temperatures and only moderately modified by diagenesis. Focusing on the samples with the most enriched, and thus likely least-altered, δ18O values, we reconstruct Late Cambrian warming, Early Ordovician extreme warmth, and cooling around the Early–Middle Ordovician boundary. Our record is consistent with models linking the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event to cooling of previously very warm tropical oceans. In addition, our high-temporal-resolution record suggests previously unresolved transient warming and climate instability potentially associated with Late Ordovician tectonic events.

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Section: Compiling a High-resolution Cambrian-ordovician Global δ 18 O Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-resolution record of early Paleozoic climate

Goldberg

Present

Finnegan

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Thus, sparse data must be mapped onto the model grid by statistical methods (Schäfer-Neth et al, 2005;Marchal and Curry, 2008). Furthermore, a gridded sea-surface temperature (SST) climatology may serve as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) and enable a model evaluation that does not depend on the quality of a simulated SST climatology, allowing for another approach in comparing coupled climate models such as in the Paleo-Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP, e.g., Kageyama et al, 2017Kageyama et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)

et al. 2021

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Abstract. We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on a global regular 1∘×1∘ grid. It is an extension of the Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction of the Atlantic NSST based on the faunal and floral assemblage data of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project and several recent estimates of the LGM sea-ice extent. Such a gridded climatology is highly useful for the visualization of the LGM climate, calculation of global and regional NSST averages, and estimation of the equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding of the sparse NSST reconstruction was done in an optimal way using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account the uncertainty in the reconstruction and includes the calculation of an error field. The resulting Glacial Ocean Map (GLOMAP) confirms the previous findings by the MARGO project regarding longitudinal and meridional NSST differences that were greater than today in all oceans. Taken at face value, the estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity at the lower end of the currently accepted range. However, because of anticipated changes in the seasonality and thermal structure of the upper ocean during the LGM as well as uneven spatial sampling, the estimated cooling and implied climate sensitivity are likely to be biased towards lower values.

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“…Hottest mean temperatures of ~ 36 °C at 25° S during the pre-/onset of the LEE1 ( kockelianus Biozone), ~ 34 °C at 28° S during the LEE1-LEE2 interval ( ensensis Biozone) and ~ 33 °C at 34° S during the late/post-LEE2 ( hemiansatus Biozone) were calculated using the data available for each biozone. Since SSTs from epeiric seas and continental margins are generally higher than average temperatures in the same latitude band 43 , we conclude that mean SSTs did not reach beyond 36 °C within southern hemisphere low latitudes during the polyphased Kačák Episode (Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…2 ), mean tropical-subtropical SSTs reach 33 °C during late Eifelian/earliest Givetian time (Table 2 : mean). However, Judd et al 43 call for caution when using paleotemperatures from shallow epeiric seas and continental margins as these are systematically higher compared to open-ocean temperatures from the same latitude band and thus result in an overestimation of global mean temperatures. Though, it seems a paradox, that especially conodonts from epeiric Belarus (10–14° S), the Eifel area (24° S), shallow marine platform deposits of the Carnic Alps (34° S) and from Pic de Bissous (36° S) indicate significantly lower paleotemperatures compared to those from slope and offshore deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleotemperature record of the Middle Devonian Kačák Episode

Suttner

Kido

Joachimski

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The Middle Devonian Epoch, ~ 393–383 million years ago, is known for a peak in diversity and highest latitudinal distribution of coral and stromatoporoid reefs. About 388 million years ago, during the late Eifelian and earliest Givetian, climax conditions were interrupted by the polyphased Kačák Episode, a short-lived period of marine dys-/anoxia associated with climate warming that lasted less than 500 kyr. Reconstruction of the seawater temperature contributes to a better understanding of the climate conditions marine biota were exposed to during the event interval. To date, conodont apatite-based paleotemperatures across the Eifelian–Givetian boundary interval have been published from Belarus, France, Germany and North America (10–36° S paleolatitude). Here we provide new δ18Oapatite data from the Carnic Alps (Austria, Italy) and the Prague Synform (Czech Republic). For better approximation of the paleotemperature record across the Kačák Episode, a latitude-dependent correction for Middle Devonian seawater δ18O is applied. Because δ18Oapatite data from shallow marine sections are influenced by regional salinity variations, calculated mean sea surface temperatures (SST) are restricted to more open marine settings (22–34° S paleolatitude). Water temperatures reach ~ 34 °C in the Prague Synform and ~ 33 °C in the Carnic Alps and suggest that SSTs of the southern hemisphere low latitudes were ~ 6 °C higher than previously assumed for this time interval.

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A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

Cited by 35 publications

References 46 publications

A high-resolution record of early Paleozoic climate

A high-resolution record of early Paleozoic climate

A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)

Paleotemperature record of the Middle Devonian Kačák Episode

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