A estrutura da memória de trabalho visual: evidências baseadas no efeito do ruído visual dinâmico

Abstract

Logie's visuospatial memory model coherently integrates a large amount of experimental data, however, it has difficulties explaining the effects of irrelevant visual information, such as Dynamic Visual Noise (DVN). DVN interferes with memories created from mental images, but has less consistent effects on visual memory tasks. One assumption for the lack of DVN effect on visual memory is that the visual stimuli are initially coded, for a short time, at a pre-semantic visual memory and then stored in a semantic memory more stable, not accessible to irrelevant visual information. We evaluated DVN effect on performance in memory tasks using stimuli with different nameability levels. Our assumption was that most readily nameable stimuli would be faster encoded in semantic terms, and therefore would be less time exposed to the DVN effects. Visual Patterns Test matrices, classified according to nameability, were used as stimuli in recognition (Exp. 1), recall (Exp. 2) and recall based on verbal cues (Exp.3) memory tasks. DVN effect was contrasted with Static Visual Noise (SVN) effect in Exp. 1 and to a situation without noise in Exps. 2 and 3. Memory load, estimated by the complexity of stored matrices, was manipulated in Exps. 1 and 2. In Exp. 1 DVN impairs performance only with low nameability stimuli. At Exp. 2 the noise is more damaging with low nameability stimulus and the performance is the same in trials with DVN and SVN. The interaction between interference type and memory load shows that the noise interferes more in trials with greater memory load. Our results suggest, in methodological terms, that irrelevant visual interference techniques, both DVN and SVN, although useful in visuospatial memory study, have some issues that remain to be better determined, as well as the role of visual stimuli nameability. In terms of visuospatial working memory structure our results suggest the need for a component in which visual stimuli are encoded in a presemantic visual memory accessible to environmental stimuli, thus the need for a visual buffer.

Buffer Visual e a recuperação da informação na memória de trabalho

“…A análise dos efeitos da dica retroativa e do RVD, nos leva a acreditar que a representação pode ser mantida no Buffer Visual pelo tempo que permanecer ativa, pois outra alternativa, não tão promissora, seria questionar o acesso da informação visual irrelevante no visual cache . Nossos resultados, assim como os resultados obtidos em outros estudos (Quinn & McConnell, 2006;Quinn, 2008;2012;Vasques;2014;Valenti & Galera, 2020;Keogh & Pearson, 2014;Borst et al, 2012;Dent;Logie & Van der Meulen, 2009;Logie, 2003;Pearson, 2001) Kosslyn (1994) no modelo de memória de trabalho visual, considerando no entanto que a relação do Buffer Visual com os outros componentes do sistema precisa ser melhor investigada, assim como as especificações do visual cache precisam ser melhor definidas.…”

“…Os estudos de Logie (1995Logie ( , 2011 o modelo de memória visuoespacial mais influente, evidências experimentais têm permitido questionar as propriedades atribuídas a seus componentes (Baddeley, 2000(Baddeley, , 2012Quinn, 2008Quinn, , 2012Vasques;2014;Ueno & Saito, 2013).…”