A European aerosol phenomenology -4: Harmonized concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol at 10 regional background sites across Europe

Cavalli, F.; Alastuey, Andrés; Areskoug, Hans; Čeburnis, Darius; Čech, Jiří; Genberg, Johan; Harrison, Roy M.; Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc; Kiss, Gyula; Laj, P.; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos; Pérez, Noemí; Quincey, Paul; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Sellegri, Karine; Spindler, Gerald; Swietlicki, Erik; Theodosi, C.; Yttri, Karl Espen; Aas, Wenche; Putaud, J.-P.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.07.050

Cited by 64 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…TC is the sum of OC and EC. Cavalli et al (2016) estimated the combined random uncertainties from inter-laboratory comparisons between 2008 and 2011 to be 17 % relative standard deviations (RSD) for Vavihill TC measurements.…”

Section: Oc / Ec Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous aerosol source apportionment using the Aethalometer model – evaluation by radiocarbon and levoglucosan analysis at a rural background site in southern Sweden

et al. 2017

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Abstract. With the present demand on fast and inexpensive aerosol source apportionment methods, the Aethalometer model was evaluated for a full seasonal cycle (June 2014-June 2015 at a rural atmospheric measurement station in southern Sweden by using radiocarbon and levoglucosan measurements. By utilizing differences in absorption of UV and IR, the Aethalometer model apportions carbon mass into wood burning (WB) and fossil fuel combustion (FF) aerosol. In this study, a small modification in the model in conjunction with carbon measurements from thermal-optical analysis allowed apportioned non-light-absorbing biogenic aerosol to vary in time. The absorption differences between WB and FF can be quantified by the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE). In this study AAE WB was set to 1.81 and AAE FF to 1.0. Our observations show that the AAE was elevated during winter (1.36 ± 0.07) compared to summer (1.12 ± 0.07). Quantified WB aerosol showed good agreement with levoglucosan concentrations, both in terms of correlation (R 2 = 0.70) and in comparison to reference emission inventories. WB aerosol showed strong seasonal variation with high concentrations during winter (0.65 µg m −3 , 56 % of total carbon) and low concentrations during summer (0.07 µg m −3 , 6 % of total carbon). FF aerosol showed less seasonal dependence; however, black carbon (BC) FF showed clear diurnal patterns corresponding to traffic rush hour peaks. The presumed non-light-absorbing biogenic carbonaceous aerosol concentration was high during summer (1.04 µg m −3 , 72 % of total carbon) and low during winter (0.13 µg m −3 , 8 % of total carbon). Aethalometer model results were further compared to radiocarbon and levoglucosan source apportionment results. The comparison showed good agreement for apportioned mass of WB and biogenic carbonaceous aerosol, but discrepancies were found for FF aerosol mass. The Aethalometer model overestimated FF aerosol mass by a factor of 1.3 compared to radiocarbon and levoglucosan source apportionment. A performed sensitivity analysis suggests that this discrepancy can be explained by interference of non-light-absorbing biogenic carbon during winter. In summary, the Aethalometer model offers a costeffective yet robust high-time-resolution source apportionment at rural background stations compared to a radiocarbon and levoglucosan alternative.

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Section: Oc / Ec Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonaceous aerosol source apportionment using the Aethalometer model – evaluation by radiocarbon and levoglucosan analysis at a rural background site in southern Sweden

et al. 2017

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“…-Organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC), using a Sunset instrument and the EUSAAR2 protocol (Aymoz et al, 2004;Cavalli et al, 2016); -inorganic elements (Al, Fe, Ti, As, Ba Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V, Zn and Zr) using ICP-MS (Waked et al, 2014);…”

Section: Chemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An apportionment method for the Oxydative Potential to the atmospheric PM sources: application to a one-year study in Chamonix, France

Weber

Uzu

Calas

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Inhaled aerosolized particulate matter (PM) induces cellular oxidative stress in vivo leads to adverse health outcomes.The oxidative potential (OP) of PM appears to be a more relevant proxy of the health impact of the aerosol rather than the total mass concentration. However, the relative contributions of the aerosol sources to the OP are still poorly known. In order to better quantify the impact of different PM sources, we sampled aerosols in a French city for one year (year 2014, 115 samples).A coupled analysis with detailed chemical speciation (more than 100 species, including organic and carbonaceous compounds, 5 ions, metals and Aethalometer measurements) and two OP assays (ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitiol (DTT)) in a simulated lung fluid (SLF) were performed in these samples. We developed in this study a new statistical model using a coupled approach with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and multiple linear regression to attribute a redox-activity to PM sources. Our results highlight the importance of the biomass burning and vehicular sources to explain the observed OP for both assays. In general, we see a different contribution of the sources when considering the OP AA, OP DTT or the mass of the PM 10 . Moreover, 10 significant differences are observed between the DTT and AA tests which emphasized chemical specificities of the two tests and the need of a standardized approach for the future studies on epidemiology or toxicology of the PM.

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“…Hence, no correction of the negative artefact was performed. These procedures are according to the recommendations of the European infrastructure network ACTRIS (Cavalli et al, 2016). The sampling was divided into four seasons as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Site Description and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of δ13C in Carbonaceous Aerosol Source Apportionment at a Rural Measurement Site

Martinsson

Andersson

Sporre

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The stable isotope of carbon, 13 C, has been used in several studies for source characterization of carbonaceous aerosol since there are specific signatures for different sources. In rural areas, the influence of different sources is complex and the application of δ 13 C for source characterization of the total carbonaceous aerosol (TC) can therefore be difficult, especially the separation between biomass burning and biogenic sources. We measured δ 13 C from 25 filter samples collected during one year at a rural background site in southern Sweden. Throughout the year, the measured δ 13 C showed low variability (-26.73 to -25.64‰). We found that the measured δ 13 C did not correlate with other commonly used source apportionment tracers ( 14 C, levoglucosan). δ 13 C values showed lower variability during the cold months compared to the summer, and this narrowing of the δ 13 C values together with elevated levoglucosan concentrations may indicate contribution from sources with lower δ 13 C variation, such as biomass or fossil fuel combustion. Comparison of two Monte Carlo based source apportionment models showed no significant difference in results when δ 13 C was incorporated in the model. The insignificant change of redistributed fraction of carbon between the sources was mainly a consequence of relatively narrow range of δ 13 C values and was complicated by an unaccounted kinetic isotopic effect and overlapping δ 13 C end-member values for biomass burning and biogenic sources.

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A European aerosol phenomenology -4: Harmonized concentrations of carbonaceous aerosol at 10 regional background sites across Europe

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

Carbonaceous aerosol source apportionment using the Aethalometer model – evaluation by radiocarbon and levoglucosan analysis at a rural background site in southern Sweden

Carbonaceous aerosol source apportionment using the Aethalometer model – evaluation by radiocarbon and levoglucosan analysis at a rural background site in southern Sweden

An apportionment method for the Oxydative Potential to the atmospheric PM sources: application to a one-year study in Chamonix, France

Evaluation of δ13C in Carbonaceous Aerosol Source Apportionment at a Rural Measurement Site

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