A expansão da educação superior no Brasil: notas sobre os desafios do trabalho docente

Abstract

Esta pesquisa documental objetivou apresentar o cenário da expansão da educação superior no Brasil e seus desafios para o trabalho docente. Para tanto, utilizamos como fonte de dados o sítio virtual do INEP e do MEC, e as Sinopses Estatísticas do Censo de Ensino Superior. Os resultados indicaram que, no lastro da expansão das instituições, matrículas, cursos e funções docentes nas últimas décadas, o crescimento se deu, majoritariamente, pelo setor privado. Juntamente com a expansão desordenada da educação superior, prejuízos para o trabalho docente foram agregados em virtude das novas funções a ele atribuídas. Isso traz à tona desafios à educação superior que precisam ser problematizados e pressupõem implicações para todo o sistema educacional brasileiro.

Physical Education courses in Brazil: data consolidation from 1995 to 2020

“…In the available literature, we find few studies on enrollment and graduation numbers, and, in general, all indicate growth in these indicators (Broch et al, 2020;Collet et al, 2009;Martins;Tostes;Mello, 2018;Pimentel et al, 2013). However, we notice new discrepancies in relation to the values found in this research.…”

“…The literature has been pointing out the significant growth of PE courses (Broch et al, 2020;Pimentel et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2009), and the data from Table 1 and Chart 1 confirm this growth, jumping from 140 in the year 1995 to 1,582 in the year 2020. We also observe the emergence of new courses in the distance learning modality from the year 2006, as a way to consolidate public policies for the expansion of higher education in this modality through the Open University of Brazil (OUB) system (Pimentel et al, 2013).…”

“…This study concluded that in the early years of the 21st century, teacher training programs still predominated, despite an expansion of bachelor's degree programs, especially in private institutions. On the other hand, the second study aimed to present considerations about the expansion scenario of PE in the context of Brazilian higher education between 1991 and 2015 (Broch et al, 2020). The results of these studies indicated an increase in the number of PE courses, with this growth being more significant in the private sector.…”

“…In light of the context presented, this research emerges, distinguishing itself from the two previous studies by encompassing a more extended time frame compared to Collet et al study (2009). Additionally, it adds analytical data that Collet et al (2009) and Broch et al (2020) did not analyze. The aim is to consolidate data on PE training in Brazil between 1995 and 2020, presenting indicators such as the total number of PE courses, the mode of instruction (in-person or Distance Learning (DL), enrollment and graduation figures, the type of training (teacher training programs and bachelor's degree programs), and the administrative category of the institution (public and private).…”

“…In this context, the substantial growth of bachelor's degree courses is associated with the expansion of economic activities related to physical practices outside the school environment, which is the domain of the PE bachelor (Fonseca;Souza Neto, 2020). This scenario would drive the creation of these courses to meet market demand for the provision of specialized services in sports and health areas (Broch et al, 2020). On the other hand, the low attractiveness of teaching as a professional activity (Cericato, 2016), the growing devaluation of the teaching career in basic education (Gomes;Cruz, 2023), associated with the perception that work in schools is precarious, are elements that may have contributed to this change, although such characteristics can be identified outside the work environment in schools (Furtado;Santiago, 2015).…”