A experiência do cuidador informal à luz da Teoria Geral da Enfermagem

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: Compreender a vivência dos cuidadores informais na assistência ao idoso vítima de queda e fratura proximal do fêmur e cirurgia. Método: Estudo qualitativo, realizado em hospital de ensino, tendo como referencial metodológico a análise de conteúdo de Bardin e como referencial teórico a Teoria Geral da Enfermagem de Orem. Resultados: Dos 14 cuidadores informais, a maioria era do sexo feminino e filhas dos pacientes. A partir das falas dos participantes, emergiram as categorias temáticas: O dia da queda, um evento traumático; Agonia e tensão pela espera do leito e cirurgia; Medo, frustração e falta de preparo do cuidador informal; Modificações na vida, privações e sobrecarga do cuidador; cuidado resiliente. Conclusão:Os cuidadores informais devem ser capacitados desde a prevenção do evento até a transição do cuidado hospitalar para a reabilitação no domicílio, resgatando o papel do enfermeiro dentro da equipe multidisciplinar, sendo apoiado pela Teoria Geral da Enfermagem.

“Informal Caregiver” in Nursing

“…“Role” was the essential attribute of the concept “informal caregiver.”2,6–10,13–40 This role was “dyadic”: a person could not adopt the role of an informal caregiver, without another person being the receiver of his or her care 13,20,22,27,28,35,36,40. However, this dyadic role was rarely described as a caregiving “partnership” between the informal caregiver and care receiver.…”

“…The informal caregiver role sometimes generated feelings of self-sacrifice and identity loss 2,6,8,10,28,36,44. Caregivers and care receivers often grieved their past relationship and their previous hopes for their future together 7,9,10,16,20,24,29,31,33,36. However, over time and with appropriate supports, the dyads often found their relational bonds strengthened as they adjusted to their caregiving and care receiving roles 24,27,31,33…”

“…Authors of these publications noted that nurses, alongside their institutional employers, sometimes viewed informal caregivers as presumed additional resources for patient care, especially in health care systems facing limited budgets 6,7,14,25,26,34,41. Simultaneously, the included nursing literature suggested that training should be afforded to informal caregivers, particularly when informal caregivers desired this service 6,10,14–16,20,22,24,25,27,28,33. Acknowledging the expertise of informal caregivers, nurses sometimes advocated for informal caregivers to be viewed as essential care partners with the health care teams 6,10,20,24,26,33–37.…”

“…6,7,14,25,26,34,41 Simultaneously, the included nursing literature suggested that training should be afforded to informal caregivers, particularly when informal caregivers desired this service. 6,10,[14][15][16]20,22,24,25,27,28,33 Acknowledging the expertise of informal caregivers, nurses sometimes advocated for informal caregivers to be viewed as essential care partners with the health care teams. 6,10,20,24,26,[33][34][35][36][37] Yet, at times, nurses were said to perceive informal caregivers as annoyances to be avoided or prevented from integration within health care teams.…”

“…7,9,10,16,20,24,29,31,33,36 However, over time and with appropriate supports, the dyads often found their relational bonds strengthened as they adjusted to their caregiving and care receiving roles. 24,27,31,33 Needing supports to prevent role-related distress…”