“…With the increase in the aging population, the increasing number of long-term bedridden patients and their high morbidity rate have attracted the focus of socioeconomic and public healthcare organizations 1 . Among the challenging issues related to these patients, such as decubitus ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and medication addiction, chronic wounds caused by prolonged, localized pressure ( P ) on the body are one of the most cumbersome problems because of the resulting contamination and infection 2 , 3 . The developmental process of the decubitus ulcer can be divided into four stages (Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, once the ulcer reaches Stage II, it easily and rapidly develops into Stages III and IV, at which point the ulcer is very difficult to cure with the exposure of the inner skin to ambient air 4 . Therefore, detecting this early-stage transition is critical for saving patients from multiple surgical operations 2 . Figure 1 ( a ) Four developmental stages of decubitus ulcers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exploiting skin-like wearable sensor technology is the most effective approach for monitoring the early-stage transition of decubitus ulcers 5 , 6 . For accurate measurement, these sensors should simultaneously detect multiple disease-related indicators 2 . Many disease-related indicators have been studied, such as the duration of the applied pressure ( P ) 7 , 8 , local temperature ( T ) 9 , 10 , relative humidity 11 , 12 , blood flow 13 , 14 , or skin impedance ( Z ) variation 15 , 16 , to quantify the assessment of ulcers.…”
For multifunctional wearable sensing systems, problems related to wireless and continuous communication and soft, noninvasive, and disposable functionality issues should be solved for precise physiological signal detection. To measure the critical transitions of pressure, temperature, and skin impedance when continuous pressure is applied on skin and tissue, we developed a sensor for decubitus ulcers using conventional analog circuitry for wireless and continuous communication in a disposable, breathable fabric-based multifunctional sensing system capable of conformal contact. By integrating the designed wireless communication module into a multifunctional sensor, we obtained sensing data that were sent sequentially and continuously to a customized mobile phone app. With a small-sized and lightweight module, our sensing system operated over 24 h with a coin-cell battery consuming minimum energy for intermittent sensing and transmission. We conducted a pilot test on healthy subjects to evaluate the adequate wireless operation of the multifunctional sensing system when applied to the body. By solving the aforementioned practical problems, including those related to wireless and continuous communication and soft, noninvasive, and disposable functionality issues, our fabric-based multifunctional decubitus ulcer sensor successfully measured applied pressure, skin temperature, and electrical skin impedance.
“…With the increase in the aging population, the increasing number of long-term bedridden patients and their high morbidity rate have attracted the focus of socioeconomic and public healthcare organizations 1 . Among the challenging issues related to these patients, such as decubitus ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and medication addiction, chronic wounds caused by prolonged, localized pressure ( P ) on the body are one of the most cumbersome problems because of the resulting contamination and infection 2 , 3 . The developmental process of the decubitus ulcer can be divided into four stages (Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, once the ulcer reaches Stage II, it easily and rapidly develops into Stages III and IV, at which point the ulcer is very difficult to cure with the exposure of the inner skin to ambient air 4 . Therefore, detecting this early-stage transition is critical for saving patients from multiple surgical operations 2 . Figure 1 ( a ) Four developmental stages of decubitus ulcers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exploiting skin-like wearable sensor technology is the most effective approach for monitoring the early-stage transition of decubitus ulcers 5 , 6 . For accurate measurement, these sensors should simultaneously detect multiple disease-related indicators 2 . Many disease-related indicators have been studied, such as the duration of the applied pressure ( P ) 7 , 8 , local temperature ( T ) 9 , 10 , relative humidity 11 , 12 , blood flow 13 , 14 , or skin impedance ( Z ) variation 15 , 16 , to quantify the assessment of ulcers.…”
For multifunctional wearable sensing systems, problems related to wireless and continuous communication and soft, noninvasive, and disposable functionality issues should be solved for precise physiological signal detection. To measure the critical transitions of pressure, temperature, and skin impedance when continuous pressure is applied on skin and tissue, we developed a sensor for decubitus ulcers using conventional analog circuitry for wireless and continuous communication in a disposable, breathable fabric-based multifunctional sensing system capable of conformal contact. By integrating the designed wireless communication module into a multifunctional sensor, we obtained sensing data that were sent sequentially and continuously to a customized mobile phone app. With a small-sized and lightweight module, our sensing system operated over 24 h with a coin-cell battery consuming minimum energy for intermittent sensing and transmission. We conducted a pilot test on healthy subjects to evaluate the adequate wireless operation of the multifunctional sensing system when applied to the body. By solving the aforementioned practical problems, including those related to wireless and continuous communication and soft, noninvasive, and disposable functionality issues, our fabric-based multifunctional decubitus ulcer sensor successfully measured applied pressure, skin temperature, and electrical skin impedance.
“…In some cases, surgery can be considered for patients who exhibit medical comorbidities that may result in poor wound healing. Therefore, clinically relevant biosignals that proactively detect decubitus ulcers in earlystage pressure ulcers using timely information can be beneficial [3][4][5]. However, advancedstage ulcers remain clinically challenging and require surgical intervention, resulting in significant patient morbidity and medical expenses [6].…”
One of the most frequent comorbidities that develop in chronically ill or immobilized patients is pressure ulcers, also known as bed sores. Despite ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced skin lesion having been identified as a primary cause of pressure ulcers, wound management efforts have so far failed to significantly improve outcomes. Baicalin, or 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, is a type of flavonoid which has been shown to possess a variety of biological characteristics, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and protection of I/R injury. In vitro wound scratch assay was first used to assess the function of baicalin in wound healing. We established a mouse model of advanced stage pressure ulcers with repeated cycles of I/R pressure load. In this model, topically applied baicalin (100 mg/mL) induced a significant increase in the wound healing process measured by wound area. Histological examination of the pressure ulcer mouse model showed faster granulation tissue formation and re-epithelization in the baicalin-treated group. Next, baicalin downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β), while upregulating the anti-inflammatory IL-10. Additionally, baicalin induced an increase in several growth factors (VEGF, FGF-2, PDGF-β, and CTGF), promoting the wound healing process. Our results suggest that baicalin could serve as a promising agent for the treatment of pressures ulcers.
“…Their common goal is wound healing [8]. The effectiveness depends directly on the size of the decubitus, although some evidence suggests that with the right strategy, it is possible to treat 3rd-4th degree decubitus in a period of 4 to 6 weeks [9].…”
The incidence of bedsores varies from 3 to 40%, with a maximum of 80% in patients in critical condition for a long time. Purpose: analysis of effective methods of therapy and prevention of bedsores. Object and methods of research. Thirty-one scientific publications from PubMed, Scopus databases since 2020 were analyzed. The analyzed methods included vacuum therapy, ultrasound methods, hydrosurgery, plasma flow method, laser application, electrostimulation, and a complex combination of methods. Results. Many involved methods give the choice in therapy strategy. The most expedient and effective is the complex combination of methods. Conclusion. Currently, a decrease in the incidence of bedsores is not expected; therefore, the analysis of the effectiveness of methods of therapy and prevention of bedsores remains relevant.
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