A facile approach to fabricate waterborne, nanosized polyaniline‐graft‐(sulfonated polyurethane) as environmental antistatic coating

Abstract

Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has been intensively utilized as host materials for intrinsic conducting polymers. However, the stability and compatibility between polyaniline (PANI) and WPU remain a challenge for their composites. In this research, anionic-nonionic sulfonated waterborne polyurethane (SWPU) is adopted as matrix to prepare nanosized PANI-g-SWPU dispersions through chemical graft polymerization method, and the stability mechanism is systematically investigated. The PANI-g-SWPU dispersion is endowed with much higher stability and no PANI precipitation is detected after storage for 1 year when the PEG molecular weight is 1000 and R value is 1.2. The surface resistivity reaches the minimum when the graft time is 2.5 h, pH value is 2, n(APS)/ n(aniline) is 1, and the aniline content is 20 wt %. And the resistivity of the coated paper reaches 1.39 X cm, indicating that the asprepared PANI-g-SWPU dispersion can be directly used as the antistatic coatings, which is also suitable for large scalable production. INTRODUCTIONCompared with metallic conductors, conductive polymer composites were endowed with remarkable merits such as easy processing, low density, low cost, controllable electrical conductivity, and excellent electrochemical properties with good electron mobility. 1-3 Heretofore, they have drawn great attention in the fields of antistatic coatings, sensors, battery electrodes, electrochromic devices, flexible displays, anticorrosion materials, and so forth. 2-7 Polyaniline (PANI), as one of the most promising conducting polymers, is endowed with excellent conductivity, high thermal and environmental stability, easy preparation, low cost, interesting optical properties, reversible acid/base dopingdedoping process, and fast switching rate from its insulating state to conducting state via either electrochemical or chemical doping. [8][9][10][11][12][13] However, similar to the other conducting polymers, PANI has poor solubility and poor processability both in melt and solution conditions, 14 which is due to the conjugated backbone and strong hydrogen bonding interaction. 2,15 In order to overcome this shortcomings and extend the functions of PANI, different approaches have been adopted to improve the solubility and processability, including the incorporation of organic acid dopant, emulsion polymerization with the assistance of surfactant, and blending PANI with the other polymeric matrices. [16][17][18][19][20][21] Polyurethane (PU) has been considered as one of the most versatile polymeric materials due to its tailorable structure and excellent properties such as excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility, adhesion, impact, and corrosion resistance. 4,22-25 Chemical bonds and hydrogen bonding between the ANHCOO groups in PU chains and PANI are beneficial to improve the compatibility between PU and PANI, the conductivity of composites are also enhanced. [26][27][28] It is also reported by Yoshikawa et al. 29 that the compatibility can be enhanced through incorporating ionic groups into PU chains. The...

Synthesis and Some Physico‐Chemical Properties of Novel Starch‐g‐poly(citronellyl acrylate) Copolymers

“…are also reported. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Depending on the chemical structure of reagents, more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic type graft copolymers than initial polymeric materials can be prepared. According to the literature survey, polymerization techniques such as anionic, cationic, free-radical polymerizations, ringopening metathesis polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization or other such as ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization, radiation or iniferter induced polymerizations and polycondensation reactions are commonly used to the preparation of the modified materials.…”

“…According to the literature survey, polymerization techniques such as anionic, cationic, free-radical polymerizations, ringopening metathesis polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization or other such as ring-opening olefin metathesis polymerization, radiation or iniferter induced polymerizations and polycondensation reactions are commonly used to the preparation of the modified materials. [26][27][28][29][30] In addition, different graft polymerization methods are developed in order to obtain brush polymers. The simplest grafting method which allows the preparation of the copolymers with well-defined side chains is the "grafting through" method.…”

“…In addition, the graft copolymers of synthetic polymers such as (poly(chloroethyl vinyl ether)‐g‐polystyrene)comb‐b‐(poly(chloropyran ethoxy vinyl ether)‐g‐polyisoprene)comb, (meth)acrylate copolymer grafted with long fluorinated side chain, Nylon 6‐g‐poly(acrylic acid), polyethylene‐g‐poly(acrylic acid), polyaniline‐g‐(sulfonated polyurethane), poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidinone‐g‐styrene), etc. are also reported . Depending on the chemical structure of reagents, more hydrophobic or more hydrophilic type graft copolymers than initial polymeric materials can be prepared …”

“…According to the literature survey, polymerization techniques such as anionic, cationic, free‐radical polymerizations, ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization or other such as ring‐opening olefin metathesis polymerization, radiation or iniferter induced polymerizations and polycondensation reactions are commonly used to the preparation of the modified materials …”

Recent progress on nanostructured conducting polymers and composites: synthesis, application and future aspects

“…Conventionally, amphiphilic surfactant was usually introduced into polymers as the antistatic material but the antistatic property is not permanent [396]. Like dielectric nanocomposites, different kinds of conductive fillers including metal nanoparticles, metal oxide whiskers, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, ionic liquids and graphene, have been added into the polymer matrix to obtain excellent antistatic property and economic results [397][398][399]. But poor dispersion of the filler and compatibility with polymer matrix results in poor antistatic performance.…”