A facile, low-cost route for the preparation of calcined porous calcite and dolomite and their application as heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production

Wang, Rui; Li, Hu; Chang, Fei; Luo, Jiafeng; Hanna, Milford A.; Tan, Daoyang; Hu, Deyu; Song, Baoan; Yang, Song

doi:10.1039/c3cy00129f

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[9][10][11] Sulfonated (or strong acid) cation exchange resins (s-CER), composed of copolymers of divinyl-benzene, styrene with sulfonate (-SO 3 H) groups grafted on the benzene rings, have been proposed to replace liquid acids for esterification because they are noncorrosive and easy to be separated from reaction mixture. [12][13][14][15] Also s-CER can offer better selectivity towards the desired product(s) and better reusability compared with homogeneous acid catalysts. 14 However, due to their particular cross-linked structure, s-CER are subjected to remarkable swelling when contacted with polar solvents like water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Zhang

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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(2016) Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite. Catalysis Science and Technology, 2016 (6). pp. 5590-5598. ISSN 2044-4761 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33644/1/ZhangHL%20Catalysis%20Science %20%26%20Technology%202016%20online.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Sulfonated cation exchange resins (s-CER) have been widely studied as a replacement of liquid acids for the catalysis of esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce biodiesel with water as the only by-product. However, the water produced has strong affinity to sulfonate groups in s-CER, which blocks the reactive sites for esterification and thus reduces the activity of the catalyst. To overcome this technical barrier, we have designed an s-CER/PVA composite by incorporating s-CER fines within a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. PVA has much stronger absorption preference of water than s-CER and has very low selectivity for the reactants (FFAs and methanol), which enables the continuous removal of the produced water and liberation of reactive sulfonate sites in s-CER for catalysis. With s-CER/PVA, the FFAs conversion was increased from 80.1 % to 97.5 % after 8-hour reaction and the turnover frequency (TOF) was increased more than 3.3 times. The TOF of s-CER/PVA was also 2.6 times of that of sulfuric acid, suggesting that the water less, heterogeneous sulfonate sites are more reactive than water-blocked homogeneous ones. The reusability of the s-CER/PVA was also enhanced due to that the produced water that could cause deactivation of the s-CER was largely removed by PVA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Zhang

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…The textural parameters of the samples are investigated, where the specific surface area of 15.02 m 2 g −1 and pore volume of 0.146 cm 3 g −1 for the PCD catalyst are very close to the previous study . As shown in Figure a, both the PCD and 10%SA/CD catalysts show the type‐IV isotherm with a H3 hysteresis under the moderate relative pressure from 0.4 to1.0, meaning the mesoporous structure with the certain macro pores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Dolomite Promoted by NaAlO₂ and Application as Catalyst in Transesterification by Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2019

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The effective heterogeneous base catalysts are synthesized to intensify the catalytic capacity of dolomite via the wet impregnation method with NaAlO2. Compared with the calcined natural dolomite, the catalyst promoted by 10% NaAlO2 possesses the higher basic density and more developed mesoporous structure, where the better catalytic activity is performed to transesterify palm oil with methanol. Response surface methodology with Box‐Behnken Design (RSM‐BBD) is used to investigate the combined effects of the catalyst loaded amount, molar ratio of methanol to oil, transesterification temperature and duration on biodiesel yield. Results show that the highest yield of 99.27% is achieved with the 5.30 wt.% catalyst loaded amount and 12.39 molar ratio of methanol to oil at 65.26 °C for 2.11 h. The catalyst shows superior stability and efficiency of 89.92% is achieved for the fifth reused cycle, where for the pure calcined dolomite it is 77.58%. Also, the physicochemical indices of the purified transesterification product are in accordance with ASTM D6751 standard.

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“…Therefore, the crystallite size for all phases was obtained from the XRD patterns using the Scherrer equation (Eq. 4) [21][22][23].…”

Section: Catalyst Regeneration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reusability and regeneration of solid catalysts used in ultrasound assisted biodiesel production

Korkut¹,

Ergan²

2021

Turk J Chem

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Reusability of two heterogeneous catalysts in ultrasound (US) assisted biodiesel production was investigated in comparison to each other. An ultrasound (US) generator (200 W, 20 kHz) equipped with a horn type probe (19 mm) was used. Regeneration experiments were planned according to second order central composite design (CCD) method. After the eighth use of the catalysts, biodiesel yield decreased from 99.1% to 90.4% for calcined calcite (CaO) and from 98.8% to 89.8% for calcined dolomite (CaO.MgO). Furthermore, regeneration of spent catalysts by calcination was investigated; optimum temperature and time were found as 750 °C and 90 min, lower than fresh catalyst preparation conditions. The regenerated catalysts were reused in a second process cycle; biodiesel yield was calculated as 97.2% for CaO and 96.5% for CaO.MgO. Finally, the process showed that calcination is an energetically favorable regeneration process of spent catalysts.

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A facile, low-cost route for the preparation of calcined porous calcite and dolomite and their application as heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Characterization of Dolomite Promoted by NaAlO₂ and Application as Catalyst in Transesterification by Response Surface Methodology

Reusability and regeneration of solid catalysts used in ultrasound assisted biodiesel production

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A facile, low-cost route for the preparation of calcined porous calcite and dolomite and their application as heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Esterification of fatty acids from waste cooking oil to biodiesel over a sulfonated resin/PVA composite

Characterization of Dolomite Promoted by NaAlO2 and Application as Catalyst in Transesterification by Response Surface Methodology

Reusability and regeneration of solid catalysts used in ultrasound assisted biodiesel production

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Product

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Characterization of Dolomite Promoted by NaAlO₂ and Application as Catalyst in Transesterification by Response Surface Methodology