A facile method of nickel electroless deposition on various neutral hydrophobic polymer surfaces

Wang, Wei; Ji, Shaowen; Lee, Ilsoon

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.06.108

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…59 In particular, extensive research has been conducted for the electroless plating of nickel onto various polymer substrates. 60 Excellent uniformity in thickness of the deposited nickel and coverage of complex geometries can be obtained. 54 …”

Section: A Overview Of Metallization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For example, through soaking PS templates in poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) for 30 min, PAH attachment to the surfaces reduces hydrophobicity and permits subsequent seeding during activation. 60 Similar surface modification approaches have been demonstrated for bulk ABS 63 and PP 64 and could be applicable to many more polymeric species.…”

Section: Electroless Deposition Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…66 An even more dramatic increase in the plating rate was evidenced for bulk PS substrates sensitized with PAH when compared to the baseline. 60 Normalizing to surface area, electroless Ni plating onto bulk PS has been demonstrated at a rate of approximately 1.3 lm/h. 60 Guo et al discovered a common trend in plating kinetics with temperature, pH, and reducing agent concentration for electroless Ni plating onto polyester fibers; as each parameter was increased, nickel deposition rates steadily increased before reaching a maximum [on the order of 20 mg/(cm 2 h)] and then subsequently decreased.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Electroless Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Normalizing to surface area, electroless Ni plating onto bulk PS has been demonstrated at a rate of approximately 1.3 lm/h. 60 Guo et al discovered a common trend in plating kinetics with temperature, pH, and reducing agent concentration for electroless Ni plating onto polyester fibers; as each parameter was increased, nickel deposition rates steadily increased before reaching a maximum [on the order of 20 mg/(cm 2 h)] and then subsequently decreased. 67 The optimal plating conditions were found to be 80°C, pH 5 8.5, and [NaH 2 PO 2 ] 5 40 g/L, respectively.…”

Section: Kinetics Of Electroless Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was shown in a different study that appreciable Pd attachment to a bulk PS surface is not possible without template sensitization due to the hydrophobic nature of polymer surfaces. 60 Following the PAH surface modification sensitization method, Pd ions are directly adhered to the PAH-modified pore surfaces in the PS template. The imbedded palladium seeds within the porous template structure act as nuclei for subsequent nickel plating.…”

Section: Electroless Deposition Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Template-based fabrication of nanoporous metals

Rebbecchi

Chen

2017

J. Mater. Res.

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Nanoporous metallic foams with high surface area and novel functional behavior are positioned to stimulate new multifunctional and metamaterial applications. However, there are fundamental challenges in achieving uniform nanopores and tailorable morphology. Emerging templating methods offer a wide range of applicable metallic species while enhancing control of pore morphology, uniformity, and interconnectivity. Here, a critical review of nanoporous metal fabrication is presented, with focus on templating methods utilizing nanoporous polymeric templates. Metals are introduced into percolative nanochannels of sacrificial templates by deposition, and subsequent removal of templates yields ordered nanoporous metals. We introduce approaches for preparing nanoporous templates, including utilizing block copolymer self-assembly that yields periodic gyroid networks. While metallization of templates by electrodeposition has been demonstrated, electroless deposition permits uniform deposition by many metallic species and infiltration of narrow pores. Examples of nanoporous metals with uniform pore sizes below 50 nm fabricated by templating methods are examined.

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Section: A Overview Of Metallization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Electroless Deposition Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetics Of Electroless Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetics Of Electroless Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electroless Deposition Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Template-based fabrication of nanoporous metals

Rebbecchi

Chen

2017

J. Mater. Res.

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Solid State Porous Metal Production: A Review of the Capabilities, Characteristics, and Challenges

et al. 2018

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Porous metals have been under development for nearly a century, but commercial adoption remains limited. This development has followed two primary routes: liquid state or solid state processing. Liquid state foaming introduces porosity to a liquid or semi‐solid metal, and solid state foaming introduces porosity to a metal, which is fully solid. Either method may create pores by internal gas pressure or introducing metal around a template directly control porosity. Process optimization and commercial output has been primarily related to liquid state methods, as solid state processing is often more complex, diverse, and with lower throughput. Solid state methods, however, are often more versatile and offer greater control of pore characteristics. Ongoing advancements in solid state foaming have allowed for a wide array of metals and alloys to be made porous and the three‐dimensional structure to be precisely tailored. In general, solid state processing remains limited to niche applications, often with modest dimensions (cm scale). “Traditional” solid state processes are being further refined and extended, and continuing developments to reduce cost, increase output, and control pore characteristics are likely to produce important advancements in coming years. The extensive variability of pore quantity and morphology makes solid state processes suitable, and often preferable, for an assortment of functional and structural applications, with electrodes and biomedical devices being among the most popular in current research. Various techniques for introducing porosity, the way these methods are applied, important considerations, typical outcomes, and current applications are reviewed.

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Selective Metallization of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Laser‐Induced Surface Activation

Zhang,

Xu,

Zhou

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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The laser direct structuring (LDS) technology successfully realized the selective metallization of two typical thermoplastic elastomers. Thermoplastic elastomers containing 5 wt.% Cu2(OH)PO4 were designed as LDS materials. The copper layer was obtained after pulsed NIR (λ=1064‐nm) laser activation and metallization. The analysis of the morphologies (OM, SEM, CLSM), the chemical composition (XPS, Raman, XRD), and the performance (scotch tape test, resistance) of materials before and after laser activation and metallization were carried out. The key to obtaining a high‐quality metal layer is as follows: i) Cu2+ was reduced to element copper (Cu0) with amorphous carbon acting as a reducing agent, Cu0 acts as catalyst seeds in metallization; ii) the good adhesion properties between the polymer and the copper layer is the micropores etched by laser activation. In particular, XPS showed 64.6% Cu2+ in SEPS/Cu2(OH)PO4 was reduced to Cu0, while only 18.4% Cu2+ in Pebax/Cu2(OH)PO4 was reduced to Cu0 after laser activation. Moreover, resistances of copper layers on SEPS/Cu2(OH)PO4 and Pebax/Cu2(OH)PO4 were 0.96 and 5.04 Ω after 15 min electroless copper plating, respectively. This study puts forward a simple way of fabricating flexible LDS materials. The prepared SEPS/Cu2(OH)PO4 composite is promising for shape variable decoration and flexible electronic devices.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A facile method of nickel electroless deposition on various neutral hydrophobic polymer surfaces

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Template-based fabrication of nanoporous metals

Template-based fabrication of nanoporous metals

Solid State Porous Metal Production: A Review of the Capabilities, Characteristics, and Challenges

Selective Metallization of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Laser‐Induced Surface Activation

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